Showing 961–972 of 2523 results

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  Japanese Attack on Midway 27 May–5 June 1942

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  Japanese Attack on Midway 27 May–5 June 1942

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  The attack on Midway was conceived in a similar vein to the attack on Pearl Harbor, primarily aiming to cripple the US Pacific Fleet and establish a defensive perimeter on Midway. A formidable Japanese fleet comprised of multiple groups was assembled for the attack on Midway, whilst a separate fleet... More
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  Japanese Invasion of Burma January-May 1942

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  Japanese Invasion of Burma January-May 1942

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  In their defense of Burma, the British falsely assumed that Siam would remain neutral, meaning that if Japan did invade, they would approach from the sea. The first Japanese attacks began in January, aided by Siamese forces and the newly formed Burmese Independence Army. Progress was quickly made from the... More
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  Japanese Invasion of the Dutch East Indies January–March 1942

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  Japanese Invasion of the Dutch East Indies January–March 1942

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  Japan was eager to expand its influence across Southeast Asia and branded itself as a leading figure against European colonialism as it advanced into territories held by powerful European nations such as Britain, France and the Netherlands. Japan’s first territorial targets of the war were the islands of the Dutch... More
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  Japanese Invasion of the Philippines 8 December 1941–June 1942

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  Japanese Invasion of the Philippines 8 December 1941–June 1942

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  The Philippines was home to significant American naval bases, and was well positioned not only for Japanese lines of communication, but also for launching attacks on the Dutch East Indies. On 8 December, just hours after Pearl Harbor, Japanese bombers destroyed American air bases. The United States Asiatic Fleet was... More
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  Japanese Merchant Shipping Routes 1941–45

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  Japanese Merchant Shipping Routes 1941–45

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  Japanese shipping routes spanned far and wide, taking in Indonesia, the Philippines, the Pacific Island groups, New Guinea and the Dutch East Indies. The ships were the lifelines for the far-flung Japanese outposts of war, providing ammunition, troops, fuel and food to garrisons across the Pacific. Equally important was the... More
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  Japanese Merchant Shipping Routes 1941–45

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  Japanese Merchant Shipping Routes 1941–45

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  As an island nation, Japan was heavily reliant on imports to supply its war effort. Its need for raw materials was a major contributing factor to Japan’s imperial expansion into Southeast Asia and the important oil producing areas of the Dutch East Indies. As Japan launched its offensives into Southeast... More
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  Jenkin’s Ferry 30 April 1864

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  Jenkin’s Ferry 30 April 1864

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  By April 1864, the Union Red River Campaign was in disarray. Its commander Nathaniel Banks had been beaten at Mansfield, and his reinforcements under the command of General Frederick Steele seemed marooned in Arkansas, encircled by Confederate armies. After eluding entrapment in the town of Camden, Steele escaped to the... More
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  Jerusalem Divided 1948–67

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  Jerusalem Divided 1948–67

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  The British Mandate sought to defuse the Arab uprising (1936–39) by repeated plans for the partition of Palestine, and restrictions on Jewish immigration. In 1947, with the British Mandate scheduled to end, the United Nations backed a new partition plan that would maintain Jerusalem as an internationally administered corpus separatum.... More
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  Jerusalem in the 12th Century

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  Jerusalem in the 12th Century

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  The slaughter unleashed by the crusaders during the capture of Jerusalem left it a virtual ghost town. Most of the crusaders then returned home, but a nucleus remained, and began the re-population with an influx of eastern Christians, Armenians from Cilicia and Syrians from Oultrejordain. The economy was rebuilt by... More
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  Jesuit Missions 1630–1730

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  Jesuit Missions 1630–1730

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  The Jesuits arrived in Brazil in 1540 just six years after the foundation of the order, reaching the highlands of Paraguay in 1587. They set out to found Christian societies in the impenetrable jungles of the continent. The model communities the Jesuits set up in Latin America were known as... More
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  Jewish Diaspora 587 BCE–300 CE

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  Jewish Diaspora 587 BCE–300 CE

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  The Jewish diaspora (‘dispersion’) is the term used to refer to Jews who are exiled from their homeland in Israel. Although many Jews were exiled prior to 587, the first major diaspora was in 586 BCE when the Babylonians conquered Judaea and deported much of the population into slavery. Several... More
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  Jewish expansion under Hasmonean Dynasty 140–116 BCE

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  Jewish expansion under Hasmonean Dynasty 140–116 BCE

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  The dynasty derived its name from a distant priestly ancestor, Hasmonaeus, of the family that secured Jewish independence from the Seleucid Empire. Judah, the rebel leader, was killed in battle; his younger brother, Jonathan, took over and by skilful exploitation of Seleucid dynastic rivalries gained the governorship of Judaea and... More