After the election of 1800, the Democratic-Republican vice president Thomas Jefferson became the third American president, defeating John Adams. The first time in American history that power passed from one party to another, Jefferson referred to it as the ‘Revolution of 1800’. The presidential race was a bitter battle that... More
With a strong economy and flourishing trade, Democratic-Republican Thomas Jefferson’s first term in office had been successful. In Europe, the French Revolutionary Wars had ended and, closer to home, the United States had doubled in size following the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. This land acquisition from the French was one... More
After deciding not to run for a third term, Thomas Jefferson unofficially appointed his principal advisor and secretary of state James Madison to be his successor and run for president in the 1808 election. There was, however, division over controversial foreign policies and trading decisions. The Embargo Act of 1807,... More
The election of 1812 occurred under the shadow of a war with Britain over trade restrictions, the forced impressment of neutral American seamen into the British Navy, and British support for Native Americans fighting on the frontier. America was unprepared for a war that saw a British attack on Washington... More
Democratic-Republican James Monroe was the former secretary of state under President James Madison and, as one of the founding fathers, was widely considered to be the favourite presidential candidate despite some dissent within the party. New York governor Daniel D. Tompkins successfully ran as Monroe’s running mate for vice president.... More
James Monroe’s first term as president was peaceful, successful and became known as ‘The Era of Good Feelings’. They were prosperous years, with a sense of unity and purpose following the war with Britain of 1812. It was therefore assumed that Monroe would run for a second term and, with... More
In the election of 1789, George Washington was the obvious choice for president. A war hero and commander of the Continental Army, who had led his forces to victory during the Revolutionary War (1775–83), he was idolized by the American people and had been unanimously elected president of the Constitutional... More
Facing declining health and an unstable political climate, George Washington was reluctant to run for a second term. The French Revolutionary Wars between Great Britain and its allies and revolutionary France, in which Washington had proclaimed American neutrality, were still ongoing and, closer to home, deep political divisions were emerging.... More
1796 saw the first contested US presidential election. In the previous two elections – 1789 and 1792 – Washington had won with no affiliation to any political party, but in 1796 voters could choose between competing parties for the first time. The previous four years had seen divisions over both... More
At the start of Grover Cleveland’s term in 1893 the nation fell into the worst economic depression it had thus far experienced; unemployment hit 20 per cent and strikes swept across the country. Cleveland blamed the depression on silver, his unremitting belief in the gold standard led him to believe... More
1968 saw some of the most turbulent times in American history. Incumbent president Lyndon B. Johnson ended the bombing in Northern Vietnam and withdrew his bid for re-election after he was fiercely challenged by one of the Democratic candidates, Eugene J. McCarthy. Bitter candidacy battles were overshadowed by the assassination... More
In 1972, the Democratic party was in disarray. George McGovern fought off eleven candidates to become presidential candidate, yet his anti-war stance, and liberal social and economic views made many Democrats feel uneasy. The Republican incumbent president Richard Nixon was easily voted to run for re-election, with Spiro Agnew as... More