Showing 721–732 of 2512 results

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  Formation of Yugoslavia 1918–20

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  Formation of Yugoslavia 1918–20

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  Representatives of the southern Slavs had conferred in exile about the creation of a united post-World War I kingdom. As the Austro-Hungarian Empire fell apart, they convened a national council in Zagreb in 1918, but differences of view rapidly emerged. Both Croatia-Slavonia and Montenegro hankered after independence, fearing domination by... More
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  Forrest’s Raids in Middle Tennessee 9–27 July 1862

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  Forrest’s Raids in Middle Tennessee 9–27 July 1862

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  Nathan Bedford Forrest was known as the ‘wizard of the saddle’, and post-war would become the first Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan. His foray into Tennessee in the summer of 1862 established his trademark lightning cavalry raid. Coordinated with fellow raider John Hunt Morgan in Kentucky, Forrest rode... More
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  Fort Donelson 14–16 February 1862

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  Fort Donelson 14–16 February 1862

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  Fort Donelson stood on a bluff overlooking the Cumberland River in Tennessee. It was flanked by the Hickman and Indian Creeks, and its Confederate defenders had constructed lines of earthwork fortifications to protect both the Fort and the neighbouring town of Dover. Union General Grant arrived on the scene fresh... More
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  Fort Henry 6 February 1862

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  Fort Henry 6 February 1862

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  The Battle of Fort Henry was the first major Union victory of the American Civil War. It not only made it easier for the Union forces to capture Nashville, Tennessee, but it was also the first time that ironclads (steam-powered warships) were used in Civil War combat. Fort Henry was... More
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  Fort Henry and Donelsen Campaign 4–14 February 1862

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  Fort Henry and Donelsen Campaign 4–14 February 1862

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  After successfully laying siege to Fort Henry, which surrendered to the Union forces on 6 February, General Ulysses S. Grant pushed advanced elements of his army within 7 miles (11 km) of Fort Donelson. Fort Donelson, along with Fort Henry, was in a key defensive position and guarded the Cumberland... More
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  Fort Sumter December 1860–April 1861

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  Fort Sumter December 1860–April 1861

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  Fort Sumter, a coastal garrison in North Carolina, is where the first shots of the American Civil War were fired. Abraham Lincoln’s Republican victory in 1860 alarmed many slaveholders in the South, who knew he was against the extension of slavery into new territories in the West, and South Carolina... More
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  Fort Wagner 10 July–6 September 1863

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  Fort Wagner 10 July–6 September 1863

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  After their Ironclad assault in April had been repulsed by massive bombardment from Charleston’s fortifications, the Union returned in July 1863, determined to reduce those fortifications. The primary obstacle, Fort Wagner, commanded the mouth of the harbour. Two attempted amphibious assaults, on 11 and 18 July, were repulsed with heavy... More
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  Fort Wagner, South Carolina, 18 July 1863

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  Fort Wagner, South Carolina, 18 July 1863

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  Fort Wagner guarded the southern approach to the key Confederate port of Charleston. Bridging Morris Island, its flanks were protected by the swampy Vincent’s Creek to landward, and the Atlantic Ocean. A water-filled trench, palisades of sharpened palmetto stakes and landmines further protected its approaches. One Union assault had already... More
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  Fortification of Malta Under the Knights 1565–1798

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  Fortification of Malta Under the Knights 1565–1798

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  Malta’s position in the Mediterranean and its natural harbours left it vulnerable to attack. The Knights of the Order of St John, also known as the Knights Hospitaller, arrived on the island in 1530 and fortified the Grand Harbour. In 1565 Malta was beseiged for 36 days by 40,000 Ottoman... More
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  Forts Clark and Hatteras 27–29 August 1861

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  Forts Clark and Hatteras 27–29 August 1861

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  Flag Officer Silas Stringham had almost 50 years naval experience before the Civil War, having fought the Barbary pirates of Algiers in his youth. He was now summoned to end a new piracy, of Confederate privateers, sheltering in the protected waters of the Albemarle and Pamlico Sounds. When signalled by... More
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  Fourth Battle of Monte Cassino 11–17 May 1944

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  Fourth Battle of Monte Cassino 11–17 May 1944

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  After the previous three failed attempts to take Monte Cassino and break the German defences of the Gustav Line, Operation Diadem was launched on the evening of 11 May using an assortment of Allied troops. The Allied troops were amassed in the area prior to the offensive, following a campaign... More
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  France 1789

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  France 1789

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  On the eve of Revolution, France had 34 provinces, and fifteen provincial parlements administering and upholding over 300 ‘customary law’ jurisdictions, often to the point of obstructing the efforts of the king and his ministers to achieve reform. The most glaring area in which this obtained was taxation, from which... More