When Henry VIII launched a war against the recalcitrant Scots, who were on the verge of an alliance with the French, it was known as the ‘Rough Wooing’, and Pinkie Cleugh was the last pitched battle between the opposing sides. The Earl of Arran faced a dilemma. His Scots Army... More
The Greek army met the Persian army at Plataea, north of Athens, in August 479 BCE. The Persian army, under military commander Mardonius, fortified the river and waited for their enemy’s advance. The Greek army, a mixture of civilians, Athenians, Spartans and Peloponnesians, swelled as it advanced towards Plataea and... More
The armies that clashed at Pleasant Hill were exhausted from their engagement the previous day at Mansfield followed by a 15-mile (24-km) march. Union General Banks’s stand was a desperate attempt to salvage his Red River campaign, while Confederate General Taylor was determined to maintain his Mansfield momentum. Banks had... More
Charles XII of Sweden moved south into Ukraine to avoid bitter winter conditions and to join forces with the rebel Cossack leader Mazepa. After besieging the fortress at Poltava he was met by a Russian army of 70,000, and outnumbered two to one. Tsar Peter organized a series of defensive... More
Port Republic was the culmination of ‘Stonewall’ Jackson’s diversionary campaign in the Shenandoah Valley. Now roles were reversed, and the Union’s remaining forces were trying to prevent Jackson from joining his commander Robert E. Lee’s defence of Richmond. Having repulsed General Fremont’s forces at Cross Keys, Jackson moved to confront... More
After the drubbing of Van Dorn at Pea Ridge in March 1862, the Confederacy waited until the following winter before attempting to reassert their authority in Arkansas. Confederate General Hindman moved on a defending Union army led by General James Blunt. With a two to one numerical advantage, Hindman prepared... More
The Rafah garrison (the Reduit) was the last Ottoman presence in Sinai. Senior members of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF), which included the Warwick, Gloucester and Worcester Yeomanry, the Anzac Mounted Division and the Imperial Camel Corps Brigade, launched the Battle of Rafah on 9 January 1917. In the early... More
Since their great victory at Blenheim in 1704, the Duke of Marlborough and his Allied Anglo-Dutch army in the War of the Spanish Succession had been stuck in relative stalemate. In 1706, believing Marlborough was going to capture Namur, Duke François of Villerois’s army intercepted the Allies at Ramillies. The... More
The Battle of Rhode Island began on 29 August 1778. Under the Treaty of Alliance, signed in February 1778, the French were fighting on behalf of America. Their combined land and naval forces laid siege to Rhode Island in August 1778, with a view to forcing the British out of... More
In July 1916, General Murray, commander of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF), which guarded the approaches to the Suez Canal, was made aware that enemy forces were mobilizing in the area. General Kressenstein had assembled a force of some 18,000 German and Ottoman troops at Qatia, and was awaiting heavy... More
The naval Battle of Salamis was fought between an alliance of Greek city-states and Persia in the straits at Salamis in 480 BCE. The Greek naval fleet had assembled at Salamis, close to Athens, following the attritional naval battle at Artemisium. After the Thermopylae defeat, the Persians seized Athens and... More
Sampford Courtenay, West Devon, was the end-point of the Prayer Book Rising, a protest in the southwest against the new Protestant mass. The rebels, who were repeatedly crushed by government forces (many of whom were German and Italian mercenaries), fought a decisive battle at Sampford Courtenay on 17 August 1549.... More