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Showing 2365–2376 of 2512 results

  • Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 3 March 1918

    Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 3 March 1918

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    Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 3 March 1918

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    In March 1917, the Germans had arranged and financed Lenin’s return to Russia and, after seizing power in the October Revolution, Lenin handsomely returned the favour. In December peace negotiations began, after an armistice was declared between Russia and the Central Powers. The Bolsheviks, shocked by the severity of the... More
  • Treaty of Bretigny 1360

    Treaty of Bretigny 1360

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    Treaty of Bretigny 1360

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    The Battle of Poitiers (1356) resulted in an emphatic victory for the English forces led by King Edward III’s son, the Black Prince. The French king, John the Good, and his son, together with most of their nobles were captured. France descended into chaos: disaffected nobles ravaged the countryside, where... More
  • Treaty of Mersen 870

    Treaty of Mersen 870

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    Treaty of Mersen 870

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    Concluded at Mersen (Meerssen) in Holland in August 870, this was a treaty between Charles the Bald and his half-brother Louis the German, which divided the kingdom of Lotharingia, ruled by their nephew Lothair II, who had died the previous year, between them. The two realms were divided by the... More
  • Treaty of Mesilim 2550 BCE

    Treaty of Mesilim 2550 BCE

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    Treaty of Mesilim 2550 BCE

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    In the middle of the third millennium, the floodplains of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers were home to a cluster of city-states, which collectively comprised the Sumerian civilization. The Treaty of Mesilim, inscribed in cuneiform on a stele, or stone pillar, is the world’s oldest known legal agreement. It refers... More
  • Treaty of Prüm 855

    Treaty of Prüm 855

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    Treaty of Prüm 855

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    This was the second of three treaties that divided the Carolingian Empire and followed the Treaty of Verdun (843). The Holy Roman Emperor Lothair I had already seen the domain of his father, Louis the Pious, divided between himself and his two younger brothers, Louis the German and Charles the... More
  • Treaty of Ribemont 880

    Treaty of Ribemont 880

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    Treaty of Ribemont 880

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    In 879 the German king Louis the Younger, encouraged by the Bishop of Paris, had invaded West Francia, reaching as far as Verdun, but retreated after his nephews, King Louis II of France and Carloman III of France had given their share of Lotharingia (Lorraine) to him. The Treaty of... More
  • Treaty of Sèvres 1920

    Treaty of Sèvres 1920

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    Treaty of Sèvres 1920

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    The Treaty of Sèvres, signed on 10 August 1920, set out the terms of the partition of the Ottoman Empire’s territories following its defeat in World War I. Besides massive territorial losses, the Ottoman Empire was forbidden from holding an army greater than 50,700 men, whilst its navy was massively... More
  • Treaty of Verdun 843

    Treaty of Verdun 843

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    Treaty of Verdun 843

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    Following the death Charlemagne’s son, Louis I, the Carolingian Empire was split between his three sons in keeping with the method of succession of the Old Frankish Kingdoms. Lothair, the eldest son, had attempted to claim sole leadership of the empire upon the death of his father who left him... More
  • Treaty Ports in China 1842–1936

    Treaty Ports in China 1842–1936

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    Treaty Ports in China 1842–1936

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    The First Opium War, triggered by the British government’s imposition of an opium trade upon Qing China, was concluded in 1842 by the Treaty of Nanjing, under which the Chinese ceded to the British Empire the island of Hong Kong and the five treaty ports at Shanghai, Canton (Guangzhou), Ningpo... More
  • Trentino Offensive June 1917

    Trentino Offensive June 1917

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    Trentino Offensive June 1917

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    Two days after the cessation of the Eleventh Battle of the Isonzo, the Italians launched an attack on the Austro-Hungarian positions in Trentino, captured in the offensive of the previous summer. Cadorna, the Italian Chief of Staff, was aware they might be used to attack his Isonzo forces from the... More
  • Trier Plan c. 1st Century

    Trier Plan c. 1st Century

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    Trier Plan c. 1st Century

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    The Roman city of Augusta Treverorum, now the German city of Trier, traces its origins back to the Celtic-Germanic Treveri tribe. It became an important regional hub of the Roman Empire following the construction of a military road between Cologne and Lyon in 39 BCE. Its location on the River... More
  • Trieste and Istria 1866–1918

    Trieste and Istria 1866–1918

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    Trieste and Istria 1866–1918

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    In 1867, the Austrian Empire enacted a reform known as the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867. This established separate parliaments and administrative operations for the historic kingdom of Hungary and the Austrian Empire, whilst both remained unified under a single head of state as Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary.... More