Before Lechfeld, the Hungarians had periodically run amok over western Europe for over a century, marauding as far as Spain and Italy before returning laden with booty. Otto the Great, king of Germany and future Holy Roman Emperor, determined on a reckoning. Hearing they were besieging Augsburg, he confronted them... More
This was also known as the ‘Battle of Nations’ because a formidable coalition of Allied forces, including Prussia (which had turned against Napoleon), Russia, Sweden and Austria, joined together to thwart Napoleon. After the Allied forces threatened to cut his communications line through Leipzig, Napoleon mobilized his forces in that... More
After a quiet day on 17 October, the Allied forces (the Sixth Coalition) launched a series of attacks on French forces. It took until afternoon before all six units were engaged and the French army was fully encircled. After nine hours of intense and bloody fighting, French troops were slowly... More
Between 11–17 November 1914, the Russians invaded Silesia. This offensive was spurred by Russian successes against Austria-Hungary in Galicia, and from checking the Germans at the first Battle of Warsaw. Like Tannenberg previously, the German General, von Hindenburg, intercepted Russian communications and launched a bold counterattack. Using superior German rail... More
Before the Battle of Long Island, on 27 August 1776, General Washington and his army of less than 20,000 men controlled New York. The British general, William Howe, and his 30,000 men held Staten Island. Howe was determined to seize New York, cutting off New England. A week before Howe... More
The British line of attack at the Battle of Loos was originally rejected by the British commanders as too exposed to the German artillery fire. They were overruled by the war minister, Viscount Kitchener, who suggested the use of poison gas for the first time to subdue the German defences.... More
The last great battle of the Duke of Marlborough in the War of the Spanish Succession, the Battle of Malplaquet saw the French attempt to stop the Allies from reaching Paris. As Anglo-Dutch-Austrian forces under Marlborough and Prince Eugene of Savoy besieged Mons, the French army, under Marshal Villars tactically... More
In the spring of 1864, Union Commander-in-Chief Ulysses S. Grant was looking to tighten the noose on the Confederacy with five simultaneous offensives. General Nathan Banks was deputed to seize Shreveport in Louisiana by marching up the Red River. Confederate General Richard Taylor was determined to stop him, and picked... More
On 26 August 1071, the Battle of Manzikert initiated the decline of the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantine emperor, Romanos IV Diogenes, troubled by Turkish Seljuk incursions into Byzantine Anatolia, mobilized a large army on his empire’s eastern borders, from which he entered Turkish-controlled Armenia. Once he reached the town of... More
The Greek victory against the Persians at Marathon in Attica in September 490 BCE was a defining moment in the formation of a confident and powerful Greece. The Persians outnumbered the Greeks by more than 2:1, but the 10,000 Greeks refused to be daunted. The Persians, determined to crush the... More
Flushed by his success at York, which he had relieved by bisecting the besieging Parliamentarian forces, the impulsive Prince Rupert of the Rhine, Charles I’s nephew and a commander of the Royalist cavalry, was determined to achieve a decisive victory. The Parliamentarians had combined with their Scottish Covenanter allies, and... More
The German attack in the north began with good progress against the Russians thanks to a German numerical superiority of 3:1. To the south, however, the Russians outnumbered the Germans, putting up fierce resistance until German support troops arrived. The Russians were pushed back along the entirety of the front,... More