The Union army was determined to take Fort Harrison, near Richmond, Virginia, an important part of the Confederate defences. The 18th Army Corps, under Union Major Edward O.C Ord, was tasked with making a surprise crossing of the James River, with the intention of cutting the Confederate bridges at Chaffin’s... More
On 1 October, 331 BCE, Alexander III of Macedon defeated the Persian king, Darius III, for the final time. Determined to crush Alexander after a defeat in 333 BCE, Darius mobilized his army in Gaugamela, Assyria. This site was chosen by Darius because its open terrain perfectly accommodated his vast... More
In mid-October 1864 Confederate forces, under the general command of Major General Sterling Price, advanced on Glasgow, Missouri, where it was rumoured that a large store of Union weapons was held. The attack began at daybreak on 15 October with a shelling of the town from an artillery position on... More
The Russians had been able to advance deep into Poland at the start of the war, meaning that by May 1915 Austria-Hungary was in dire need of support from the Germans as the Russians were poised within striking distance of Budapest. After initial stalling, the German high command gave permission... More
Newly crowned Edward III was defeated by Robert the Bruce, king of the Scots, and forced to agree the humiliating Treaty of Northampton (1328). Smarting for revenge, upon Bruce’s death Edward proclaimed Bruce’s old enemy Edward Balliol king of Scotland and prepared for war, besieging Berwick. Sir Archibald Douglas, the... More
After the successes of the First Crusade, the newly-founded crusader city states were bullishly seeking to extend their domains. In 1104, Baldwin, Count of Edessa, and Bohemond, Prince of Antioch, teamed up to lay siege to the fortress town of Harran, thereby threatening the city of Aleppo. This galvanized the... More
Harald Hardrada was the foremost warrior of his age, king of Norway, veteran of the Kievan Rus and ex-commander of the Byzantine Varangian Guard. The last Anglo-Saxon ruler of England, King Harold, annihilated Hardrada’s army at Stamford Bridge. Hardrada and his ally, Harold’s faithless brother Tostig, were both slain, ending... More
Saladin, founder of the Ayyubid dynasty, assembled a large empire that engirdled the crusader kingdom of Jerusalem. In 1187, exasperated by the constant marauding of Reynald de Chatillon, Lord of Oultrejordain, he marched an army of 20,000 through the Horns of Hattin to Tiberias. In response, the perpetually fractious crusaders,... More
Sir Henry Bartle Frere, the British High Commissioner in Southern Africa, deliberately contrived a war with the Zulu king Cetshwayo, to further his scheme for the creation of a South African Confederation. Acting without approval, and therefore desperate to present the government with a fait accompli, the invasion force commanded... More
On learning of Alexander’s advance into Syria, Darius III of Persia moved his army of 100,000 – possibly more – men into a position behind the Macedonian line of march near the ancient settlement of Issus, close to the modern city of Iskenderun near the southern border of modern day... More
Iuka was marked by the occurrence of an unusual battlefield phenomenon: acoustic shadow. While Union General Rosecrans was engaged in a ferocious battle to take the town from its occupiers, Sterling Price’s Confederate Army of the West, his left flank under Ord, kicked their heels nearby, blissfully unaware. Battle commenced... More
After the successful engagement at Raymond on 12 May, Ulysses S. Grant, the Union Commander of the Army of the Tennessee, decided to neutralize the Mississippi state capital of Jackson before moving on his primary target of Vicksburg. Alarmed by the situation, Confederate President Jefferson Davis had ordered General J.E.... More