Era – Page 5 – The Map Archive

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Expansion of Christianity in Europe 200-1400 CE
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Expansion of Christianity in Europe 200-1400 CE
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As the Western Roman Empire began to fail Christianity began to spread beyond the borders of the former Empire. Christianity had spread from Roman Britain to Wales and Ireland and here a unique culture developed, which was in turn disseminated by Irish missionaries to Scotland and the continent. After pagan... More
Feudal Grant and Obligation Network
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Feudal Grant and Obligation Network
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Under the classic feudal system, absolute, unfettered ownership of land resided solely with the monarch. Directly beneath came tenants-in-chief, the feudal barons granted lands in return for military service and taxation. The main manor or castle of a barony was termed the caput; the barons in turn had the right... More
France and the One Hundred Years’ War 1337–1453
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France and the One Hundred Years’ War 1337–1453
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The One Hundred Years’ War (1337–1453) was a bitter struggle between France and England over territory and the French Crown. The English army had notable success at the Battles of Sluys (1340) and Crécy (1346), and at Poitiers (1356) they captured French King John II. The resulting Treaty of Brétigny... More
French Revolution and Empire 1798–1815
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French Revolution and Empire 1798–1815
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Catholicism was the official religion of the French state and in 1789, at the outbreak of the French Revolution, the church was the largest landowner in the country. The wealth and privileges enjoyed by the Catholic clergy and the aristocracy were prime causes of the resentment that finally erupted amongst... More
Geography of the London Tube 1863–1977
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Geography of the London Tube 1863–1977
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Construction of an underground railway in London started in 1863 and was financed by the Metropolitan Railway. It was an engineering feat, initially using ‘cut and cover’ shallow tunnels, and eventually involving the construction of deep tunnels. The first line connected the City to railway termini at Paddington, Euston and... More
Growth of Christianity in the World 2000
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Growth of Christianity in the World 2000
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Christianity is the largest religion in the world, with 2.5 billion adherents, or 31.2% of the total world population in 2015. The explosive growth of Christianity outside the West has made it the fastest growing global religion, and it is predicted that by 2050 there will be 3 billion Christians... More
Helmand Province
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Helmand Province
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Before the US-led invasion of Afghanistan in 2001, Helmand province was the epicentre of Afghan poppy cultivation, with 40,000 hectares being grown in 2000. In 2001 the Taliban, a hard-line Islamic movement that had emerged in the early 1990s in northern Pakistan in the wake of the withdrawal of Soviet... More
Holiness in the United States
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Holiness in the United States
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The Holiness movement traces its origins to notions of perfectionism within Methodism, which emerged during the early 19th century. It is focused on the ‘second work of grace’ (or ‘second blessing’), which refers to a personal experience of regeneration, in which the believer is cleansed of original sin. It flourished... More
Hopeton Plantation, Georgia
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Hopeton Plantation, Georgia
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William Hopeton received 2,000 acres of land abutting the Altamaha River as a colonial grant in 1763. In 1805, the land was purchased by two Scots cotton planters, James Hamilton and John Couper, and in 1818, the son of the latter, James Hamilton Couper became the estate manager. Under his... More
Hospitalier Priories of England c. 1250
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Hospitalier Priories of England c. 1250
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The Knights Hospitalier emerged in the early 1100s, when a group devoted to the care of sick pilgrims acquired a further military function after the First Crusade’s capture of Jerusalem. This dual proficiency proved popular and the Order spread rapidly, arriving in England in the 1140s. In 1177, they were... More
Huguenot Migrations in Europe 1685–1715
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Huguenot Migrations in Europe 1685–1715
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In 1598 the Edict of Nantes ended the French Wars of Religion. The Edict granted French Huguenots (Protestants) religious toleration, as well as equal status in French society. The Huguenots’ position, however, became increasingly insecure during the reign of Louis XIV when a substantial Protestant minority was seen as threat... More
India of the early Vedas 1500–900 BCE
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India of the early Vedas 1500–900 BCE
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The early Vedic period is from 1500–900 BCE. At the beginning of this period, Aryan nomads migrated from Eurasia (possibly the Baltic region) to the northern Indus valley, embracing Udichya, Madhyama-Dish, Vajji, Dakshina-Patha and part of Pratichya. They called this region ’Brahamvarta’ which means ‘land of the gods’. Their religious... More