Era - Page 4 of 12 - The Map Archive

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Concentration of Allied Invasion Forces in the United Kingdom April 1944
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Concentration of Allied Invasion Forces in the United Kingdom April 1944
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In April 1944, the south coast of England began its preparations for the D-Day landings, the details of which were kept top secret until only a couple of days before the operation. Numerous marshalling camps, colloquially known as ‘sausage camps’ because of their appearance on maps, were erected to house... More
Conquest and Settlement of Canaan
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Conquest and Settlement of Canaan
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The veracity of the Book of Joshua is disputed. The archaeological record is moot: some of the places Joshua is supposed to have conquered were not settled in the relevant period (1250–1050 BCE), others, such as Hazor and Lachish were, and indeed met with violent destruction around the time of... More
Constantinople on the Eve of the Crusaders’ Attack 11 April 1204
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Constantinople on the Eve of the Crusaders’ Attack 11 April 1204
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The infamous fourth Crusade (1202–04) was another attempt to take Jerusalem, but ended up with the sacking of Constantinople, the greatest Christian city in the world. In January 1203 the Crusaders, who had been waylaid in the Adriatic, entered an agreement with the Byzantine Prince Alexios Angelos to divert to... More
Construction Phases of Persepolis c. 500–440 BCE
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Construction Phases of Persepolis c. 500–440 BCE
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Darius I began the construction of Persepolis, the new capital of the Achmaenid Empire, towards the end of the 6th century BCE. He laid down the lineaments of power; the Apadana, or grand throne room with accompanying antechambers, and a propylaea, or gateway building, together with the Treasury. A small... More
Cromwell’s Republic 1653–60
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Cromwell’s Republic 1653–60
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When Cromwell left Ireland in spring 1650, only Scotland remained independent. Fellow Presbyterians, they were presumed allies, whose Covenanter army had captured the Royalist hero Montrose at Carbisdale (1650). Their unexpected declaration for Charles II confounded but did not faze Cromwell; he promptly marched north and routed the Covenanters at... More
Dominant Forms of Christianity in the World 2020
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Dominant Forms of Christianity in the World 2020
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It continues to be meaningful to depict the varieties of Christianity across the world on a map, but those regional differences are being put under pressure. Within global communions such as the Roman Catholic or Anglican churches, it is becoming progressively harder to avoid the tensions between the robustly conservative... More
Early Christian Sects 140-400 CE
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Early Christian Sects 140-400 CE
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The Christian church was highly fissiparous and many local Christian movements ended up being condemned and expelled by the “catholic” or “universal” church. The Ebionites, descendants of the original Jewish Christians, regarded Jesus Christ as the Messiah but rejected the doctrine of his divinity and the virgin birth. Gnosticism was... More
Easter Rising: The British Recovery 26–28 April 1916
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Easter Rising: The British Recovery 26–28 April 1916
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The British authorities in Dublin were aware a rising was planned for Easter Monday, 1916, under the cover of ‘demonstrations’ planned by the paramilitary Irish Volunteers. Their fears were allayed when Volunteer leader Eoin MacNeill announced the cancellation of the demonstrations, but a faction led by Padraig Pearse, the Irish... More
Elizabethan Ireland
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Elizabethan Ireland
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Henry VIII – atypically – adopted a conciliatory policy of ‘amiable persuasions’ in Ireland, after first executing the rebel ‘Silken Thomas’ Fitzgerald. Elizabeth’s policy, through her Lords Deputy, became more assertive, beginning with the attempted subjugation of Leinster, through ‘plantations’ of settlers. This provoked guerrilla warfare from the displaced clans;... More
Ethno-Linguistic Groups of the Middle East
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Ethno-Linguistic Groups of the Middle East
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The Middle East is divided into a patchwork of ethno-linguistic groups whose movements and settlement have been determined by many hundreds, even thousands, of years of migration within the region. Arabs dominate the southern areas around the Arabian Peninsula, with many neighbouring areas using Arabic as a second language. Along... More
European Counter Reformation 1545–71
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European Counter Reformation 1545–71
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The period of spiritual, intellectual, cultural and moral revival within the Catholic Church in the 16th and 17th centuries is known as the Counter-Reformation. It was not merely a reaction to the profound criticisms of the Protestants; its roots date back to the 15th century when calls for reform grew... More
Evangelicals of the World 2000
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Evangelicals of the World 2000
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The global spread of Evangelicalism can be traced to the missionary movements of the 19th century, when European and American evangelicals travelled to Africa and Asia to spread the word. In 1951 evangelicals formed the World Evangelical Fellowship (WEF), and more than 110 regional and national organizations are now affiliated... More