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The Map Archive’s extensive collection of maps of World War I trace the detailed story of the first global war, which originated in Europe and lasted from 28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918. Triggered by the assassination of the Austro-Hungarian Archduke Ferdinand by a Serbian nationalist, it gained momentum when a pre-war system of national alliances was activated. Europe was divided into two coalitions: the Triple Entente (France, Russia, and Britain) and the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy). The Ottoman Empire later joined the Triple Alliance, while the Allies were ultimately joined by the United States. In western Europe, it was a long war of attrition, fought along the trenches of the Western Front, which stretched from the Low Countries to the Alps. The Eastern Front was much more mobile, with greater exchanges of territory. The war drew in the adversaries’ colonial empires, bringing the conflict to Africa and across the globe. The Russian Revolution in 1917 and the creation of the Soviet Republic led to the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in March 1918, which took Russia out of the war. The arrival of waves of fresh American troops throughout 1918 proved too much for the depleted German armies, forcing Germany to sign an armistice on 11 November 1918.
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