World War I

Showing 121–132 of 217 results

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  Romanian invasion of Transylvania 27 August–18 September 1916

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  Romanian invasion of Transylvania 27 August–18 September 1916

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  Romania entered the war on the Allied side after gaining prior acceptance of their territorial claims to Transylvania through the Treaty of Bucharest. With the Central Powers under extreme pressure on both fronts through the Somme and Brusilov offensives, Romania launched their Romanian Campaign on 27 August 1916 and within... More
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  Russian Capture of Trebizond 5 February–18 April 1916

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  Russian Capture of Trebizond 5 February–18 April 1916

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  With the Allied evacuation of Gallipoli at the end of 1915, substantial Ottoman forces would be released to reinforce their other fronts. Realizing this, the Russians made a pre-emptive strike in eastern Anatolia with an army of 300,000; their first target being the formidably fortified city of Erzerum. After routing... More
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  Salonika: The Spring Offensive April–May 1917

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  Salonika: The Spring Offensive April–May 1917

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  Greece hosted two substantial Allied forces in 1917 with a strength of c. 600,000. The French General, Maurice Sarrail, commanded the Allied Army of the Orient comprising French, British, Serbian, Greek and Russian brigades and Lieutenant General George Milne commanded the British Salonika Force (BSF). The government of Greece was,... More
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  Second Battle of Champagne: 25–30 September 1915

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  Second Battle of Champagne: 25–30 September 1915

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  Once again, the Noyon salient was targeted in the autumn of 1915. As the French accumulated resources in the region in preparation for an assault, the Germans were able to fortify their position, creating a secondary defensive trench line known as the Rückstellung around 2 miles (3 km) back from... More
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  Second Battle of Ypres 22 April–25 May 1915

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  Second Battle of Ypres 22 April–25 May 1915

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  ‘All quiet on the Western Front’ was the German modus operandi for most of 1915, concentrating instead on trying to gain supremacy in the east. The Second Battle of Ypres was a rare exception, used by the Germans to test lethal chlorine gas for the first time on a battlefield;... More
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  Serbian Exodus 1916

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  Serbian Exodus 1916

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  After the joint Austro-German and Bulgarian victory over Serbia in 1915, the Serbian forces retreated to Albania aiming to make their escape to the Adriatic. Their retreat was covered by their Montenegrin allies, who remained to defend their own territory, and a Franco-British relief force. Accordingly, the Serbians were not... More
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  Shipping Losses 1914–1918

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  Shipping Losses 1914–1918

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  The Atlantic U-boat campaign of World War I pitched German U-boat submarines against Allied ships and merchant vessels at sea. The U-boats were particularly effective in destroying merchant ships delivering vital supplies to Britain. They torpedoed ships on sight, even sinking liners. On 7 May 1915, the liner Lusitania was... More
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  Ships Sunk by U-boats February 1917–January 1918

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  Ships Sunk by U-boats February 1917–January 1918

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  On 1 February 1917, the Germans made a declaration that their U-boat submarines were now unrestricted, meaning that Allied merchant ships, neutral traffic and passenger ships in the North Sea and Atlantic ‘war zone’ around Great Britain would be sunk without warning. They gambled that it would speed them to... More
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  Ships sunk by U-boats February–October 1918

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  Ships sunk by U-boats February–October 1918

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  During the last nine months of the war, the number of ships lost to unrestricted German U-boat fire had dropped considerably. The introduction of the convoy system in June 1917, where merchant ships were accompanied by a British naval escort, had reduced the spike in the targeting of non-combat shipping.... More
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  Ships Sunk by U-boats September 1916–January 1917

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  Ships Sunk by U-boats September 1916–January 1917

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  Between September 1915–January 1917, the Germans practised restricted use of their U-boats. This meant that instead of issuing warnings of imminent attack and targeting all ships, they only attacked warships. The restriction was imposed after several cruise liners were sunk by U-boats including the US’s cruise ship, Lusitania, on 7... More
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  Suvla Bay and Anzac Cover 6 August–30 December 1915

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  Suvla Bay and Anzac Cover 6 August–30 December 1915

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  By the beginning of August 1915, the Gallipoli campaign needed reinvigoration; the desperately high casualties from the fighting were beginning to be matched by those from disease. The new plan was an assault at Suvla Bay, to the north of Anzac Cove, where the antipodean forces were entrenched. The landing... More
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  Sykes-Picot Plan for Palestine May 1916

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  Sykes-Picot Plan for Palestine May 1916

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  The Sykes-Picot Agreement secretly planned for the division of the Ottoman Empire between Britain and France upon an entente victory in World War I. It also allocated territory to Russia, whose role was to observe the negotiations. The three powers would take shared responsibility for Palestine and its important holy... More