Retreat – Page 4 – The Map Archive

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Persian Invasion and Capture of Athens 480 BCE
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Persian Invasion and Capture of Athens 480 BCE
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Angered by their defeat at the Battle of Marathon, the Persians, under their new king, Xerxes I, were determined to subjugate Greece. Greece comprised a series of city-states, with Athens and Sparta the most powerful. In spring 480 BCE the Persians launched a combined land and sea invasion. The Persian... More
Persian Retreat from Athens 480 BCE
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Persian Retreat from Athens 480 BCE
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After the Persian army invaded Attica and took Athens in 480 BCE, they set fire to the Acropolis and destroyed much of the city. This angered the Athenians, many of whom had evacuated to Salamis, off the coast of Attica. In retaliation, they lured the Persian fleet towards Salamis into... More
Philippi Races 3 June 1861
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Philippi Races 3 June 1861
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After a period of equivocation, Virginia belatedly voted for secession. However, the northwest of the state remained heavily pro-Union. Accordingly, the local Confederate commander, Colonel Porterfield, found it difficult to recruit, struggling to muster an ill-trained, ill-armed force of 800. Realizing defence was his only option, he burnt bridges to... More
Retreat to Küt November–December 1915
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Retreat to Küt November–December 1915
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When the 6th Indian Division retreated from Ctesiphon on 26 November, they were at first unaware that the Ottoman forces had halted their own withdrawal, and were now on their heels. On 28 November at the village of Aziziya, the Allies were joined by three companies of reinforcements but, in... More
Rome’s Retreat in the West 400–475 CE
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Rome’s Retreat in the West 400–475 CE
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The Western Roman Empire declined after the Gothic War (376–82 CE). In 406 CE, Asiatic horse warriors (the Huns) forced Germanic tribes, which included Vandali, Alans, Franks, Angles, Suevi and Saxons to cross the Rhine defences. The Vandali, Alans and Suevi moved southwards, where they fought with the Romano-Iberians and... More
Siege of Petersburg April 1865
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Siege of Petersburg April 1865
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By April 1865, the siege of Virginia’s second city had lasted 10 months. An earlier Union assault in June 1864 had been repulsed at the Battle of the Crater, but now Confederate defenders were vastly outnumbered, with waning provisions and depleted munitions. At the end of March, Union Commander Ulysses... More
The Afghanistan War and Soviet Retreat 1979–89
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The Afghanistan War and Soviet Retreat 1979–89
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In 1978, a coup by left-wing army officers overthrew the Afghan government. With Soviet support, a coalition of Communist factions assumed power and began a sweeping programme of land reform, fiercely opposed by the devoutly Muslim majority of the population. Tribal mujahideen (fighters for jihad) rebelled across the country, and,... More
The Atlanta Campaign Phase 1 3–20 May 1864
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The Atlanta Campaign Phase 1 3–20 May 1864
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General Sherman’s invading army In Georgia held a 2:1 numerical advantage over General Johnston’s Confederate defending forces, but rather than attempting to steamroller them, he elected for a game of cat and mouse, using Generals Thomas and Schofield (Armies of the Cumberland and Ohio) to engage the Rebels frontally, while... More
The Battle of Mons 23–24 August 1914
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The Battle of Mons 23–24 August 1914
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The Battle of Mons was a product of poor intelligence and coordination between the Allies in the wake of three defeats in rapid succession by the advancing Germans culminating in the Battle of Charleroi. General Lanrezac had ordered a general retreat of the French 5th Army but neglected to advise... More
The Battle of Talavera 1809
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The Battle of Talavera 1809
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Sir Arthur Wellesley (the future Duke of Wellington) entered Portugal in early July with 20,000 British troops, intending to link with General Cuesta’s Spanish army. Meanwhile Cuesta, confronted by Joseph Bonaparte’s larger French army, had withdrawn to Talavera beside the Tagus, with the French in pursuit. Coming upon the now... More
The Gulf War Phase 3: 27 February 1991
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The Gulf War Phase 3: 27 February 1991
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The final day of conflict in the Gulf War was marked by the headlong retreat of Iraqi troops from their remaining positions in Kuwait, their flight obscured by the fumes of hundreds of burning oil wells. The ragged cavalcade of retreating troops was remorselessly bombed by the coalition, well into... More
The Shenandoah Valley 19–22 September 1864
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The Shenandoah Valley 19–22 September 1864
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Union General Philip H. Sheridan’s preliminary advance into the Shenandoah Valley was marked by caution. The Confederate General in the area, Jubal Early, interpreted this to mean Sheridan was performing a holding operation, and rashly allowed his forces to become dispersed along the Valley. Learning of this opportunity through reconnaissance,... More