Warfare – Page 57 – The Map Archive

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Romania 1919–40
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Romania 1919–40
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Between April 1919 and March 1920, the kingdom of Romania and the First Hungarian Republic were engaged in war. The war began after Hungary’s government, angered by the Paris Conference’s decision to cede Hungarian border territories to Romania, resigned. Bolsheviks briefly took over the government in March 1919; their belligerence... More
Romania 1941–45
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Romania 1941–45
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After initially declaring itself neutral, Romania eventually joined with Nazi Germany and its allies in November 1940. The government had been taken over by a military dictatorship under Mareşal Ion Antonescu and committed a large number of troops to the eastern front. It joined Germany in its invasion of the... More
Romanian invasion of Transylvania 27 August–18 September 1916
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Romanian invasion of Transylvania 27 August–18 September 1916
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Romania entered the war on the Allied side after gaining prior acceptance of their territorial claims to Transylvania through the Treaty of Bucharest. With the Central Powers under extreme pressure on both fronts through the Somme and Brusilov offensives, Romania launched their Romanian Campaign on 27 August 1916 and within... More
Rome: the Last Years of the Republic 44–27 BCE
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Rome: the Last Years of the Republic 44–27 BCE
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The young Gaius Octavius (Octavian) was Caesar’s adopted son. Claiming that it was his duty to avenge his father’s assassination, he now made a bold bid for power. Uniting with Caesar’s old allies Mark Antony, and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus he formed the Second Triumvirate and went to war against Brutus... More
Rome’s Eastern Frontier, 260–360 CE
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Rome’s Eastern Frontier, 260–360 CE
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The situation on the eastern frontier from 260 CE onwards was mainly catalyzed by the crisis of the third century, during which the Roman Empire suffered unprecedented in-fighting for control of the throne, and the death of Emperor Valerian in Persian captivity. In 267 CE, the death of Odaenathus, loyal... More
Rome’s Retreat in the West 400–475 CE
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Rome’s Retreat in the West 400–475 CE
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The Western Roman Empire declined after the Gothic War (376–82 CE). In 406 CE, Asiatic horse warriors (the Huns) forced Germanic tribes, which included Vandali, Alans, Franks, Angles, Suevi and Saxons to cross the Rhine defences. The Vandali, Alans and Suevi moved southwards, where they fought with the Romano-Iberians and... More
Route of the British Task Force 1982
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Route of the British Task Force 1982
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In 1982, Argentina was ruled by a military junta presiding over an imploding economy and facing mass civil unrest. A new leader, General Galtieri, saw the invasion of the Falklands, a British overseas territory long claimed by Argentina, as a means of galvanizing popular support, calculating the British would not... More
Russia in the Time of Troubles, 1598–1618
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Russia in the Time of Troubles, 1598–1618
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When Ivan IV’s son, Feodor, died in 1598 his regent, Boris Godunov, was elected tsar. Godunov’s initially enlightened rule was beset by devastating famine (1601–03): social order broke down and, upon his death (1605), the political order also collapsed. The three ‘False Dmitris’, pretenders claiming to be the youngest son... More
Russia’s New Tank Factories 1922–39
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Russia’s New Tank Factories 1922–39
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In 1922, Russia, weakened by civil war and humiliated by a series of military defeats, was determined to regain its prestige by becoming a formidable military power. This meant funnelling resources into arms production. The Germans, who were blocked from armaments manufacture by the Treaty of Versailles (1918), entered into... More
Russian Campaign–Advance to Smolensk 22 June–24 August 1812
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Russian Campaign–Advance to Smolensk 22 June–24 August 1812
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After crossing the Russian border on 24 June 1812, Napoleon falsely believed that he would quickly defeat the two main Russian armies. His X corps, under Maréchal Macdonald, was to guard Napoleon’s northern flank, while Prince Karl von Schwarzenberg’s V corps and General Reynier’s VII corps protected the southern flank.... More
Russian Capture of Trebizond 5 February–18 April 1916
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Russian Capture of Trebizond 5 February–18 April 1916
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With the Allied evacuation of Gallipoli at the end of 1915, substantial Ottoman forces would be released to reinforce their other fronts. Realizing this, the Russians made a pre-emptive strike in eastern Anatolia with an army of 300,000; their first target being the formidably fortified city of Erzerum. After routing... More
Russo-Georgian War 7–12 August 2008
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Russo-Georgian War 7–12 August 2008
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The Russian Federation of Vladimir Putin showed a profound solidarity with the drive for self-determination in Abkhazia and South Ossetia that was curiously absent in its dealings with the neighbouring members of the Russian Federation. Triggered by a Georgian invasion of South Ossetia on 7 August 2008 (in response to... More