Warfare – Page 33 – The Map Archive

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Forts Clark and Hatteras 27–29 August 1861
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Forts Clark and Hatteras 27–29 August 1861
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Flag Officer Silas Stringham had almost 50 years naval experience before the Civil War, having fought the Barbary pirates of Algiers in his youth. He was now summoned to end a new piracy, of Confederate privateers, sheltering in the protected waters of the Albemarle and Pamlico Sounds. When signalled by... More
Fourth Battle of Monte Cassino 11–17 May 1944
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Fourth Battle of Monte Cassino 11–17 May 1944
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After the previous three failed attempts to take Monte Cassino and break the German defences of the Gustav Line, Operation Diadem was launched on the evening of 11 May using an assortment of Allied troops. The Allied troops were amassed in the area prior to the offensive, following a campaign... More
France and Belgium May–June 1940
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France and Belgium May–June 1940
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On 10 May 1940, Germany invaded westwards with a strategy that surprised the Allies geographically and tactically. The Belgian fort Eben Emael fell the next day, allowing German forces to cross the Albert Canal and the heavily defended Belgian border, distracting the Allies from the German Ardennes offensive. They advanced... More
France and the One Hundred Years’ War 1337–1453
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France and the One Hundred Years’ War 1337–1453
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The One Hundred Years’ War (1337–1453) was a bitter struggle between France and England over territory and the French Crown. The English army had notable success at the Battles of Sluys (1340) and Crécy (1346), and at Poitiers (1356) they captured French King John II. The resulting Treaty of Brétigny... More
France and the United Provinces 1672–97
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France and the United Provinces 1672–97
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Having gained little from the War of Devolution (1677–78), in 1672 Louis XIV launched a campaign against the United Provinces. This Franco-Dutch war raged until the Treaties of Nijmegen (1678–79) restored all Dutch territories, and France gained Franche-Comté and land in Flanders. This prompted more French expansionist aggression and in... More
France in 1429
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France in 1429
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The dynastic struggle between the English Royal House of Plantagenet and the French Royal House of Valois, known as the Hundred Years’ War, lasted from May 1337 to October 1453. The third and final phase of the war, known as The Lancastrian War, began in 1415 when Henry V invaded... More
France in 1585
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France in 1585
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Between 1562–98, France fought a total of nine wars of religion, pitting the Catholics against the Protestant Huguenots. The dominant figures on the Catholic side were Catherine de’ Medici, mother of the House of Valois kings, Charles IX and Henri III, and the ducal family of Guise. The Protestants were... More
Franco-German War 1870–71
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Franco-German War 1870–71
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The trigger for war was a diplomatic row over the Spanish succession. Provoked by Bismarck, the Prussian chancellor, France declared war, which Bismarck countered with an alliance of the German states. Mobilizing at a speed that confounded the French, the German alliance achieved a string of victories in the Rhineland,... More
Fredericksburg 13 December 1862
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Fredericksburg 13 December 1862
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New Union Commander Ambrose E. Burnside saw the capture of Fredericksburg as the gateway to moving on Richmond, the Confederate capital, but his bold plan was betrayed by poor logistics. Delays in the shipment of pontoons to bridge the Rappahannock River allowed Robert E. Lee to assemble his defending forces... More
French Counterattacks at Montcornet and Crecy-sur-Serre 17–19 May 1940
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French Counterattacks at Montcornet and Crecy-sur-Serre 17–19 May 1940
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On 17 May 1940, the French 4th Division, under de Gaulle, attempted two attacks on German-held Montcornet. The first attack, in the early hours, took the Germans by surprise but they easily overcame the French. That afternoon, de Gaulle tried again, but the Division was overcome by gunfire and German... More
French Government and High Command: 1914–18
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French Government and High Command: 1914–18
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Unlike the German chain of command, civilian officials were responsible for all aspects of military and administrative action in France. The President was ceremonially responsible for general authorization of government decisions, and the Premier beneath him served as the head of the elected portion of government. During war the Army... More
French Plan XVII 1914
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French Plan XVII 1914
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Since the German annexation of French Alsace and Lorraine in 1871, France was determined to reclaim its lost territory. In 1913, responding to rising tension in Europe, they amended Plan XVII, originally drawn up in 1903. In the event of French-German conflict, the French planned to advance on Berlin after... More