Local Wars

Showing 1–12 of 192 results

Albania 1939–44
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Albania 1939–44
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On 7 April 1939, Italian forces took Albanians by surprise, ensuring that they were unable to organize an effective resistance, and within a week Italy had annexed Albania. In support of Albanian aspirations to a ‘Greater Albania’, they gained some popularity with their subjects by subsequently annexing Kosovo to Albania... More
Arabia before the Muslim Conquests
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Arabia before the Muslim Conquests
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In the early 7th century, the Near East was dominated by an epic conflict between the Byzantines and Sasanians. After reaching the gates of Constantinople, the Sasanians were driven back by the Byzantine emperor, Heraclius. Against this backdrop, the Arabian peninsula was, before the explosive arrival of Islam, peripheral to... More
Armenia and Azerbaijan 1992–93
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Armenia and Azerbaijan 1992–93
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Armenia and Azerbaijan have been engaged in a long-standing dispute over the Nagorno-Karabakh region, which is nominally an autonomous area within Azerbaijan. In 1923 it was allocated to the Azerbaijani SSR by a central Communist bureau, despite having a population which was almost 95 per cent ethnic Armenian at the... More
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia 1204–66
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Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia 1204–66
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In the 11th century, the Seljuk Turks’ invasions of Anatolia displaced many Armenians from their heartland, with one refugee group finding sanctuary in the eastern Cilician mountains. This settlement became the nucleus of the future kingdom that, by the beginning of the 13th century, had become a substantial regional power,... More
Austro-Ottoman Wars 1683–1718
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Austro-Ottoman Wars 1683–1718
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Since the fall of Constantinople in 1571, the Ottoman Empire had expanded into Europe. In 1683, Ottoman forces under military leader and grand vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha invaded Austria and besieged Vienna. A huge relief army of Poles, Germans and Austrian allies under King Jan III Sobieski of Poland overcome... More
Battle for Baghdad April 2003
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Battle for Baghdad April 2003
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As US forces closed in on Baghdad and secured the airport, two ‘Thunder Runs’ were launched to assess the state of the Iraqi defences around the city. The first ‘Thunder Run’ on 5 April proceeded north towards the city and then turned west towards the airport, experiencing resistance and losing... More
Battle of Agincourt 25 October 1415
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Battle of Agincourt 25 October 1415
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The Battle of Agincourt is seen as one of England’s greatest military victories and a major conquest of the Hundred Years’ War. Henry V and his weakened, exhausted yet well-trained army of 6,000–9,000 men were on their way to Calais to return home, when they came across a French army... More
Battle of Blenheim 13 August 1704
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Battle of Blenheim 13 August 1704
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Fought during the War of the Spanish Succession, the Battle of Blenheim saw the first major defeat of the French army in over 50 years. The Duke of Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy led British, Dutch and Austrian troops in a surprise attack on the French on the Danube in... More
Battle of Crécy 26 August 1346
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Battle of Crécy 26 August 1346
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In mid-July 1346, during the Hundred Years’ War, Edward III and his son Edward, Prince of Wales (the Black Prince), landed on the French Cotentin Peninsula with an army of around 16,000 men. After successfully attacking Normandy, they moved south. Under pursuit by a large army of the French king,... More
Battle of Falkirk 22 July 1298
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Battle of Falkirk 22 July 1298
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In 1298, the ‘Hammer of the Scots’, King Edward I, was in no mood for compromise. The Scottish rebel, William Wallace now wore a sword-belt made from the flayed skin of Edward’s Scottish treasurer, slain at Stirling Bridge. When Edward invaded, Wallace at first retreated, hoping to pick off the... More
Battle of Fleurus 1 July 1690
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Battle of Fleurus 1 July 1690
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A major battle in the Nine Years’ War, the Battle of Fleurus saw Prince Waldeck lead an Allied army of 38,000 men in battle against a French force of 35,000 under the Duc de Luxembourg. Waldeck’s infantry were positioned in two lines, protected by both cavalry and the River Orme,... More
Battle of Formigny 15 April 1450
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Battle of Formigny 15 April 1450
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In response to French successes in Normandy, in the winter of 1449 Sir Thomas Kyriell and his small army sailed to Cherbourg with the aim of reinforcing Caen. Supported by troops led by Sir Matthew Gough, the English army captured Valoges and was marching towards Bayeux when Comte de Clermont’s... More