Fortifications

Showing 13–24 of 60 results

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  Defences of Corinth 8 April–30 May 1862

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  Defences of Corinth 8 April–30 May 1862

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  The town of Corinth sat at the intersection of the Memphis-Charleston and Mobile-Ohio rail lines – a junction Confederate Secretary of War Roy LePope Walker described as the ‘vertebrae of the Confederacy’. To capture Corinth, the Union General Halleck had a force commensurate with its strategic importance, around 120,000 strong.... More
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  Defences of Scapa Flow 1940

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  Defences of Scapa Flow 1940

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  Scapa Flow, a natural harbour in the Orkney Islands off the northeast coast of Scotland, was the base of the Home Fleet. In October 1939, a daring attack by a German U-Boat successfully sunk HMS Royal Oak at anchor, killing 834 men. The U-47 had stealthily entered Scapa Flow through... More
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  Egypt c. 2064–1986 BCE

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  Egypt c. 2064–1986 BCE

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  After several short-lived successors to the founder of the 9th Dynasty, Kheti I, the balance of power began to shift from Herakleopolis to Thebes. Inyotef united all the southern nomes as far as the first cataract under Theban rule and wrested the burial site of kings at Abydos from his... More
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  Faiyum and the Delta c. 1937–1759 BCE

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  Faiyum and the Delta c. 1937–1759 BCE

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  During the 12th Dynasty, a succession of strong rulers devoted much of their energy to developing the natural resources and improving the infrastructure of the kingdom. Amenenhat I established a new royal city, Itjtawy, near Faiyum, and secured the eastern Nile delta, a perennial weak point in Egypt’s defences, with... More
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  Fort Henry 6 February 1862

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  Fort Henry 6 February 1862

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  The Battle of Fort Henry was the first major Union victory of the American Civil War. It not only made it easier for the Union forces to capture Nashville, Tennessee, but it was also the first time that ironclads (steam-powered warships) were used in Civil War combat. Fort Henry was... More
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  Fort Henry and Donelsen Campaign 4–14 February 1862

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  Fort Henry and Donelsen Campaign 4–14 February 1862

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  After successfully laying siege to Fort Henry, which surrendered to the Union forces on 6 February, General Ulysses S. Grant pushed advanced elements of his army within 7 miles (11 km) of Fort Donelson. Fort Donelson, along with Fort Henry, was in a key defensive position and guarded the Cumberland... More
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  Fort Sumter December 1860–April 1861

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  Fort Sumter December 1860–April 1861

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  Fort Sumter, a coastal garrison in North Carolina, is where the first shots of the American Civil War were fired. Abraham Lincoln’s Republican victory in 1860 alarmed many slaveholders in the South, who knew he was against the extension of slavery into new territories in the West, and South Carolina... More
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  Fort Wagner 10 July–6 September 1863

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  Fort Wagner 10 July–6 September 1863

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  After their Ironclad assault in April had been repulsed by massive bombardment from Charleston’s fortifications, the Union returned in July 1863, determined to reduce those fortifications. The primary obstacle, Fort Wagner, commanded the mouth of the harbour. Two attempted amphibious assaults, on 11 and 18 July, were repulsed with heavy... More
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  Fort Wagner, South Carolina, 18 July 1863

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  Fort Wagner, South Carolina, 18 July 1863

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  Fort Wagner guarded the southern approach to the key Confederate port of Charleston. Bridging Morris Island, its flanks were protected by the swampy Vincent’s Creek to landward, and the Atlantic Ocean. A water-filled trench, palisades of sharpened palmetto stakes and landmines further protected its approaches. One Union assault had already... More
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  Fortification of Malta Under the Knights 1565–1798

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  Fortification of Malta Under the Knights 1565–1798

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  Malta’s position in the Mediterranean and its natural harbours left it vulnerable to attack. The Knights of the Order of St John, also known as the Knights Hospitaller, arrived on the island in 1530 and fortified the Grand Harbour. In 1565 Malta was beseiged for 36 days by 40,000 Ottoman... More
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  Forts Clark and Hatteras 27–29 August 1861

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  Forts Clark and Hatteras 27–29 August 1861

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  Flag Officer Silas Stringham had almost 50 years naval experience before the Civil War, having fought the Barbary pirates of Algiers in his youth. He was now summoned to end a new piracy, of Confederate privateers, sheltering in the protected waters of the Albemarle and Pamlico Sounds. When signalled by... More
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  Germania 150 CE

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  Germania 150 CE

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  The Rhine and Danube rivers had become the effective borders between Roman governed territory of Germania and the multiplicity of Teutonic tribes that were dispersed across northern Europe. Over the two centuries that followed the shocking attack by the Cherusci tribe on the Roman army in the Teutoberg Forest (9... More