Aerial Warfare - Page 3 of 4

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Tarawa Atoll 20-23 November 1943
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Tarawa Atoll 20-23 November 1943
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In order to clear Japanese forces in between the site of the planned new base on the Marshall Islands and Hawaii, the heavily fortified airbase on Betio Island in the Tarawa Atoll needed to be destroyed. Betio was defended by 4,500 Japanese soldiers and an array of heavy fortifications and... More
The Atomic Bombing of Japan August 1945
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The Atomic Bombing of Japan August 1945
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In May 1945 the Allies defeated Germany but the war in the Pacific theatre continued. Faced with the prospect of a ground invasion of Japan, which would cost many thousands of US lives, President Harry S Truman chose “prompt and utter destruction” and authorized the use of the atomic bomb.... More
The Battle of Britain June–September 1940
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The Battle of Britain June–September 1940
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After the fall of France, the Germans needed air superiority over Britain’s Royal Air Force to facilitate invasion under Operation Sealion. There had been mass Allied evacuation across the Channel from the French western ports in June 1940, and the following month the Luftwaffe launched attacks on ships in the... More
The Blitz September 1940–May 1941
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The Blitz September 1940–May 1941
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The Blitz, German for ‘lightning’, was a strategic bombing campaign by the Nazis against London and other British cities, including Plymouth, Liverpool, Coventry, Glasgow and Belfast. Used as retaliation for British bombing raids on Berlin, the Luftwaffe dropped bombs day and night, claiming many lives and destroying national landmarks. Use... More
The Bombing of England 1914–17
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The Bombing of England 1914–17
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On 21 December 1914 two sea-planes bombed Dover, causing no injuries. This was the first German air raid and targeted southeastern ports. On 19 January 1915, the Zeppelin raids began. Known as ‘baby killers’ these unwieldy hydrogen gas planes often missed their targets: the Guildford bombing killed a swan and... More
The Bombing of Paris 1914–17
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The Bombing of Paris 1914–17
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From the beginning of the 1914–18 conflict, central Paris was raided by German mono and biplanes. The first recorded air attack was on 13 October 1914 when two Tauben monoplanes dropped bombs in central Paris, causing little damage. Attacks escalated in 1915 when the Germans began using giant hydrogen powered,... More
The British Bombing of Europe 1939–41
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The British Bombing of Europe 1939–41
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At the beginning of the war, the British and German administrations alike were opposed to the bombing of civilian targets, instead restricting bombing runs to important military targets. As the war progressed and the war efforts of both sides increased to keep up with the demands of increasingly pervasive fighting... More
The Combat Box 1944–45
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The Combat Box 1944–45
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The Combat Box was a tactical formation used by the bombers US 8th and 15th Air Force, which concentrated the power of the bombers’ guns and also ensured they landed on target. Even when the bombers were accompanied by fighter escorts, which happened increasingly from 1944 onwards, the combat box... More
The Daylight Gotha Raids 7 July 1917–12 August 1917
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The Daylight Gotha Raids 7 July 1917–12 August 1917
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Unlike the Zeppelin raids, which took place at night, the Gothas’ first attacks were in daylight. These powerful aircraft flew in formation, like a flock of birds. On 7 July, the German Kagohl 3 unit flew 22 Gothas over the east coast and across Dartford on a raid over London,... More
The Daylight Gotha Raids Principal Attacks by Kagohl 3 May–June 1917
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The Daylight Gotha Raids Principal Attacks by Kagohl 3 May–June 1917
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The Kagohl 3 unit were used on 25 May 1917 and 13 June 1917 to fly Gotha daylight raids. The Gothas were ‘monsters’ with a 70-ft wingspan, powerful Mercedes engines and precision bombing capability. They each carried 13 bombs and flew in formation. The Germans thought that the Gotha would... More
The fall of Okinawa 1 April–21 June 1945
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The fall of Okinawa 1 April–21 June 1945
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The Americans’ ‘Operation Iceberg’ to take Okinawa was the largest amphibious assault of the Pacific War, and the ensuing 82-day ‘Typhoon of Steel’ was its bloodiest battle, costing on both sides over 240,000 dead, more than half being civilians. With American and British aircraft carriers dominant at sea, and having... More
The First Airship Raid on Norfolk Night of 19/20 January 1915
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The First Airship Raid on Norfolk Night of 19/20 January 1915
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The Germans had decided to use the airships as part of an aerial bombing campaign against Britain. The first German airship raids on Britain were in Norfolk on the night of the 19/20 January 1915. The raid was originally intended for Humberside, but was diverted to Norfolk because of bad... More