Trade – Page 8 – The Map Archive

Showing 85–96 of 116 results

The Hanseatic League and the Baltic 1370–1500
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The Hanseatic League and the Baltic 1370–1500
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The members of the Hanseatic League were all independent ‘free cities’ owing direct allegiance to the Holy Roman Emperor. In 1361–70, they were powerful enough to go to war with Denmark, and win, enforcing their monopoly of Danish trade and confirming it through a further war (1428–35). At their height,... More
The Indian Mutiny 1857
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The Indian Mutiny 1857
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Since 1772, the British East India Company (a trading company) had hegemony over the Indian subcontinent and represented the British government. Over the years the Company had become increasingly oppressive and expansionist, alienating many Indians. Tensions finally erupted on 10 May 1857 amongst Indian sepoys who revolted against British command... More
The Meroitic Kingdom 6th Century BCE
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The Meroitic Kingdom 6th Century BCE
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In the 6th century BCE, the Kushites were forced south by the Assyrians and settled in the Butana region of the Nile. Here they built the city of Meroe, which rapidly grew to become a wealthy trading centre. Meroe accommodated traders from sub-Saharan Africa and countries such as India and... More
The Netherlands 1590–1607
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The Netherlands 1590–1607
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In 1587, Maurice of Nassau (son of William of Orange) was made Captain General of the Dutch rebel army in the Spanish Netherlands. With its navy shattered by the destruction of the Armada, an enfeebled, and soon bankrupt, Spain suffered reverse after reverse at Maurice’s hands, its unpaid troops frequently... More
The Old Kingdom and Nubia c. 2250–2200 BCE
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The Old Kingdom and Nubia c. 2250–2200 BCE
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Although hostile nomadic tribes were making Red Sea trade difficult for Egypt, the Wawat region in Nubia was beginning to pose a more serious threat to its economic interests. The corridor to sub-Saharan Africa depended on a compliant Nubia and now the Nile trade route from Elephantine to Yam was... More
The Oligarchs’ Inheritance – Natural Resources of the CIS
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The Oligarchs’ Inheritance – Natural Resources of the CIS
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Although aspects of capitalist policy were introduced under Gorbachev’s perestroika reforms in the late 1980s, large-scale privatization of Russia’s state-owned businesses did not take off until 1992. Russia initially pursued a process of voucher privatization, whereby all citizens received vouchers that could be used to obtain shares. Russia and much... More
The Pacific Railroads Survey 1853–55
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The Pacific Railroads Survey 1853–55
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In 1853, Congress allocated money and authorized the Secretary of War, Jefferson Davis, to establish ‘the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean’. Until this time, reaching the west coast from the east required a travel time of several months, either... More
The Silk Road c. 112 BCE–100 CE
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The Silk Road c. 112 BCE–100 CE
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The web of trade routes that came to constitute the Silk Road evolved in piecemeal fashion. The Achaemenid Empire established an efficient road network from the River Indus to the Black Sea and Mediterranean. Alexander’s conquests left Hellenized successor kingdoms as far east as Ferghana, and the Ptolemaic kingdoms in... More
The Slave Trade 1619–1808
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The Slave Trade 1619–1808
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Although the trans-Atlantic trade was perhaps the dominant element in the slave trade worldwide, slavery was widely practised internally within Africa, and the Ottoman Empire and Asia also represented major markets. In excess of 12 million Africans were shipped from the slave trading West African ports. The European agents rarely... More
The Slaveholding Population 1860
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The Slaveholding Population 1860
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Between 1800–60, the slave population grew from 800,000 to nearly 4,000,000; in 1860 almost one-third of southern families owned slaves. Of these, nearly 50 per cent had fewer than five slaves, with a much smaller proportion owning three slaves, or less. The slaveholders who owned 15 slaves or above were... More
The Ties of Trade c. 1300
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The Ties of Trade c. 1300
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By the 1300s the European merchant class were no longer pedlars who hawked goods from town to town but were dealers, ship owners and guild members. The guilds enabled merchants to create trading posts and apply pressure for special trading privileges. Some guilds were so powerful they had their own... More
The Underground Railroad 1790–1865
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The Underground Railroad 1790–1865
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The underground railroad is a figurative term used to refer to the escape route of African-American runaway slaves to the free North, Canada, Mexico and overseas between 1790 and 1865. The network of secret routes and safe houses, known as stopping stations, criss-crossed much of the US. The fugitives, identified... More