Trade

Showing 61–72 of 116 results

Nubia in the 18th Dynasty c. 1550–1290 BCE
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Nubia in the 18th Dynasty c. 1550–1290 BCE
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The pharaonic golden age (1839–1292 BCE) was a time of relentless colonization and exploitation of Nubia, Egypt’s workshop. With its newly restored and expanded borders, Nubia’s mineral wealth, especially gold, was needed to maintain Egypt’s prosperity and fund its palace and temple building programme. With the Buhen fortress restored and... More
Oilfields and Pipelines in the Middle East and Inner Asia 1990
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Oilfields and Pipelines in the Middle East and Inner Asia 1990
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As the Soviet Union began to show signs of imminent collapse, the oil industry in Central Asia was jeopardized as the existing pipelines from the oil producing regions around the Caspian Sea were controlled mostly by Russia. The Central Asian Republics would be left with very little oil transportation infrastructure... More
Phoenician and Greek Colonization of the Mediterranean 9th–6th Centuries BCE
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Phoenician and Greek Colonization of the Mediterranean 9th–6th Centuries BCE
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By 750 BCE, Phoenician and Greek city-states had founded settlements across the Mediterranean. The Phoenicians, known as the ‘purple people’ by the Greeks, due to their use of purple dye, created a string of city-states that encompassed modern northern coastal Africa, modern southern Spain, eastern Cyprus and the Levant. The... More
Protodynastic Egypt c. 3000–2900 BCE
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Protodynastic Egypt c. 3000–2900 BCE
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Prior to the establishment of the 1st Dynasty, there is evidence of increasing sophistication and interconnectedness between autonomous settlements dotted along the Nile. This is attested by more sophisticated artefacts, particularly pottery design and ornamentation, and a range of trade, with goods such as obsidian, gold, copper and lapis lazuli... More
Route of Marco Polo 1271
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Route of Marco Polo 1271
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Marco Polo was just 17 when he set out with his father and uncle, Venetian merchants who had already travelled through Asia, on their return visit to the court of the Mongol, Kublai Khan, in China. From Venice, they sailed to Acre and then veered north to avoid the warzone... More
Russian Oil Exports
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Russian Oil Exports
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Russia is the dominant oil and gas exporter to Europe supplying around a third of its oil and more than a quarter of its natural gas. The European Union imports 90 per cent of its energy needs, and the dependency on Russian gas, while less in percentage terms, is viewed... More
Scottish Industry 1745–60
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Scottish Industry 1745–60
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From about 1760, the first wave of Scottish industrialization began. Prior to 1760, linen production was an important part of the Scottish economy, with crofters spinning hemp and flax to produce cambric and fine linens for the English and continental markets. The export market was controlled by linen stamp offices.... More
Slave Population Distribution 1830 and 1860
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Slave Population Distribution 1830 and 1860
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According to the US 1830 Census, out of a total population of 12,860,702, 15.6 per cent (2,009,043) were slaves. By 1860, the total population had increased to 23,191,875 and, of these, 12.6 per cent (3,953,761) were slaves. In 1830, the slave population was most densely concentrated in the southeastern seaboard,... More
Slave Trade and Slave Revolts c. 1850
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Slave Trade and Slave Revolts c. 1850
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The history of slavery in the US is not one of compliance, but revolt. Revolt ranged from small acts of sabotage to open rebellion or attempts to run away to the North. It is believed that there were over 250 attempts at slave rebellion, prior to 1865: Nat Turner’s rebellion... More
Slaves and Free Blacks in the Caribbean early 19th century
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Slaves and Free Blacks in the Caribbean early 19th century
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The pattern and incidence of slavery varied widely across the Caribbean. The British and French colonies, with economies dominated by the highly labour-intensive plantation cultivation of sugar, were the largest slave markets. The sugar crop produced lucrative returns; Barbados was adjudged ‘the richest spot of ground in the world’, and,... More
Slaves by State 1860
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Slaves by State 1860
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In 1860, the slave population was distributed throughout the Deep South, and included the adjoining areas of East Texas, West Tennessee and North Florida. Missouri, Arkansas, Kentucky and Virginia were also major slave-owning states. These states later formed the secessionist Confederate States of America in 1861, and were dependent on... More
Solomon’s Empire and Trade Routes 960 BCE
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Solomon’s Empire and Trade Routes 960 BCE
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Solomon became ruler c. 967 BCE of an empire that stretched from the River Euphrates to Egypt in the south. Solomon had great wealth and controlled the trade routes on all his borders, enabling him to tax all movement of goods. He welcomed the South Arabian Queen of Sheba to... More