Commodities - Page 4 of 6 - The Map Archive

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Phoenician and Greek Colonization of the Mediterranean 9th–6th Centuries BCE
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Phoenician and Greek Colonization of the Mediterranean 9th–6th Centuries BCE
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By 750 BCE, Phoenician and Greek city-states had founded settlements across the Mediterranean. The Phoenicians, known as the ‘purple people’ by the Greeks, due to their use of purple dye, created a string of city-states that encompassed modern northern coastal Africa, modern southern Spain, eastern Cyprus and the Levant. The... More
Protodynastic Egypt c. 3000–2900 BCE
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Protodynastic Egypt c. 3000–2900 BCE
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Prior to the establishment of the 1st Dynasty, there is evidence of increasing sophistication and interconnectedness between autonomous settlements dotted along the Nile. This is attested by more sophisticated artefacts, particularly pottery design and ornamentation, and a range of trade, with goods such as obsidian, gold, copper and lapis lazuli... More
Route of Marco Polo 1271
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Route of Marco Polo 1271
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Marco Polo was just 17 when he set out with his father and uncle, Venetian merchants who had already travelled through Asia, on their return visit to the court of the Mongol, Kublai Khan, in China. From Venice, they sailed to Acre and then veered north to avoid the warzone... More
Russian Oil Exports
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Russian Oil Exports
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Russia is the dominant oil and gas exporter to Europe supplying around a third of its oil and more than a quarter of its natural gas. The European Union imports 90 per cent of its energy needs, and the dependency on Russian gas, while less in percentage terms, is viewed... More
Scottish Industry 1745–60
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Scottish Industry 1745–60
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From about 1760, the first wave of Scottish industrialization began. Prior to 1760, linen production was an important part of the Scottish economy, with crofters spinning hemp and flax to produce cambric and fine linens for the English and continental markets. The export market was controlled by linen stamp offices.... More
Slaves and Free Blacks in the Caribbean early 19th century
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Slaves and Free Blacks in the Caribbean early 19th century
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The pattern and incidence of slavery varied widely across the Caribbean. The British and French colonies, with economies dominated by the highly labour-intensive plantation cultivation of sugar, were the largest slave markets. The sugar crop produced lucrative returns; Barbados was adjudged ‘the richest spot of ground in the world’, and,... More
The Baltic 1563–70
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The Baltic 1563–70
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From the 13th century, the merchant cities of the Hanseatic League monopolized the lucrative Baltic trade in grain, timber, amber and iron. League members Lübeck and Danzig were also the major ship-building centres of the time. In the second half of the 16th century, the trade grew as nation states... More
The Drug Trade mid-1990s
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The Drug Trade mid-1990s
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In the mid-1990s the Colombian cartels controlled 75–80 per cent of the US cocaine market, reaping profits of $6-8 billion per year. The cartels trafficked through northern Mexico, where Mexican drug transporters facilitated movement of drugs across the Mexican/US border. The cartels began by smuggling marijuana but discovered in the... More
The Frontier 1800
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The Frontier 1800
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The American frontier began with the thirteen original colonies. By 1800 the frontier had pushed westwards towards the Appalachian Mountains and into the Ohio Territories, Kentucky, Tennessee, the Mississippi Territory and Indiana Territory. Land was sold to new settlers to help pay off the national debt. Many became farmers and... More
The Gold Rush 1849–59
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The Gold Rush 1849–59
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Gold was discovered near Coloma in the Sierra Nevada in June 1848, days before Mexico ceded California to the USA. As the news spread, the effect was electrifying. The first wave of the Gold Rush was seaborne, from Hawaii, China and Latin America, and overland from adjoining Oregon Territory. Within... More
The Hallstatt Culture 800–500 BCE
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The Hallstatt Culture 800–500 BCE
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The Hallstatt Culture dominated central and western Europe between 800–500 BCE. It was named after numerous artefacts and burials were discovered in 1846 in an old salt mine in Hallstatt, modern Austria. This proto- Celtic culture has been divided by archaeologists into four periods: A–D. Periods A–B are early Hallstatt... More
The Old Kingdom and Nubia c. 2250–2200 BCE
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The Old Kingdom and Nubia c. 2250–2200 BCE
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Although hostile nomadic tribes were making Red Sea trade difficult for Egypt, the Wawat region in Nubia was beginning to pose a more serious threat to its economic interests. The corridor to sub-Saharan Africa depended on a compliant Nubia and now the Nile trade route from Elephantine to Yam was... More