Religion – Page 4 – The Map Archive

Showing 37–48 of 216 results

Christianity in Central and South America 2020
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Christianity in Central and South America 2020
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At the beginning of the 20th century Latin America was 90 per cent Catholic, a result of 300 years of colonization and conversion by the Spanish and Portuguese. But in 2014 that figure had dropped to 69 per cent, the result of large numbers of people leaving the Catholic Church... More
Christianity in East Asia c. 1950
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Christianity in East Asia c. 1950
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In 1949 the Chinese communist leader Mao Zedong declared the creation of the People’s Republic of China. This announcement brought to the end the costly civil war between the Communist Party and the nationalist Kuomintang, led by Chiang Kai-shek, which had broken out immediately after the end of Word War... More
Christianity in South Africa 1858
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Christianity in South Africa 1858
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By the early 19th century, when the Dutch Cape Colony came under British rule, South Africa was a major hub for maritime trade between Asia and Europe, and in the week of traders came successive waves of Christian missionaries, originating in the Netherlands, the British Isles, France and the United... More
Christianity in the Communist World 1980
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Christianity in the Communist World 1980
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While there were only two Communist countries in 1980 – Cambodia and North Korea – where Christianity was actively suppressed, there were also only two countries where religion was freely practised, Cuba and Poland, and in both these cases Roman Catholicism was firmly entrenched, with devout populations. The vast majority... More
Christianization of the Baltic 1199–1329
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Christianization of the Baltic 1199–1329
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In 1199 Albert of Boxhoeveden was sent by the Archbishop of Bremen and Hamburg to convert the Livs to Christianity. Founding Riga, he became its bishop, and created the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, to supplement his German crusaders. By 1212, the Livs were subdued, and in 1217, the Estonians... More
Churches of Colonial America 1763
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Churches of Colonial America 1763
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In sparsely populated colonial America it was hard to adhere to conventional practices of worship; a parish could stretch for over 100 miles, and with churches and millions ministers often distant, anticlerical, self-reliant and sometimes idiosyncratic forms of Protestant flourished. From the beginning of English, Dutch and Swedish colonisation of... More
City of London c. 1380
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City of London c. 1380
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Medieval London consisted of 24 wards; from 1322, each acquired the right to appoint two officials, an alderman and beadle, to collectively formulate city ordnances. From 1384, this body became a city council; the mayor, however, was a member of the powerful merchant guilds and was appointed by them. London... More
Clairvaux Abbey 1115
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Clairvaux Abbey 1115
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This Cistercian monastery, founded by St Bernard, was located in Ville-sous-la-Ferté in Burgundy. St Bernard had joined the new Cistercian foundation of Cîteaux in 1112 or 1113, and was sent out in 1115 to found Clairvaux. The growth of the Cistercians was phenomenal; by the time Bernard died 68 monasteries... More
Cluniac Monasticism c. 1000
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Cluniac Monasticism c. 1000
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The Cluniac movement, founded at Cluny, Saône-et-Loire in France in 910 by the monk Berno, believed that monastic rule had become too lax and was determined to adopt stricter religious practice and spend more time in prayer, following the rule of St Benedict. The Cluniacs were also champions of clerical... More
Cluny Abbey c. 900-1100
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Cluny Abbey c. 900-1100
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Founded in 910 by William the Pious, ruler of Aquitaine, Cluny Abbey was (unusually for the era) under direct papal control. The abbey’s independence and emphasis on the Benedictine values of silence, humility and care for the poor made it a leader of western monasticism. Initially, the Abbey was a... More
Communitarianism in North America 1850
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Communitarianism in North America 1850
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Following the American Revolution there was a great outpouring of religious diversity, and many sects, which incorporated notions of utopianism, emerged from the dissenting Protestant denominations that had been founded in America by refugees from persecution in Europe. And essential tenet of many of these sects was the idea of... More
Constantinople on the Eve of the Crusaders’ Attack 11 April 1204
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Constantinople on the Eve of the Crusaders’ Attack 11 April 1204
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The infamous fourth Crusade (1202–04) was another attempt to take Jerusalem, but ended up with the sacking of Constantinople, the greatest Christian city in the world. In January 1203 the Crusaders, who had been waylaid in the Adriatic, entered an agreement with the Byzantine Prince Alexios Angelos to divert to... More