Religion – The Map Archive

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1146–86 Defence of Latin East
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1146–86 Defence of Latin East
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The Latin East was formed after the First Crusade (1095–99), when Christian settlers occupied territories in the Levant, including Jerusalem. Further north, they settled in Tripoli, Edessa and Antioch. Despite Edessa falling to Muslim warlord Zengi in 1146 and a failed Second Crusade (1147–49), the settlers stayed entrenched. Their kingdom... More
1775 Church Membership at the End of the Colonial Period
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1775 Church Membership at the End of the Colonial Period
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By 1775 many pre-revolutionary British colonial American churches had embraced evangelism after a religious revival, known as the Awakening, which swept the English-speaking world in the 1740s. The early British colonists, who settled along the eastern seaboard, were Church of England Protestants or its critics, the Puritans. By mid-century, there... More
Abbasid Empire c. 850
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Abbasid Empire c. 850
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The Abbasids swept aside the Umayyad dynasty in a series of revolts in the middle of the 8th century, culminating in the decisive victory at the Battle of Zab in 750 CE. A key ingredient in their success was their ability to unite a disparate set of excluded groups including... More
Administrative Nomes of Lower Egypt c. 1550 BCE
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Administrative Nomes of Lower Egypt c. 1550 BCE
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The ‘nomes’, or administrative  divisions of ancient Egypt, are named after the Greek nomos, meaning ‘law’. The number of nomes and their boundaries changed over time, and the location of some are still uncertain. Each nome was represented by its own symbol, often depicted on temple walls. The capital city... More
African Jihad States c. 1800
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African Jihad States c. 1800
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The late 18th and early 19th centuries saw a series of Muslim uprisings amongst Fula populations across West Africa, which resulted in the establishment of a number of Jihad states. These events, known as the Fula Jihads, were conducted upon religious calls to arms by local Islamic leaders who rallied... More
Angkor Wat c. 1150
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Angkor Wat c. 1150
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Occupying 500 acres and soaring to 699 feet (213 m) Angkor Wat, located in modern-day Cambodia, is the name of one of the largest temple complexes in the world. Built as a Hindu funerary temple in the 12th century, it became part of the Theravada Buddhist movement in the 14th... More
Anglo Saxon Dioceses 1000
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Anglo Saxon Dioceses 1000
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The Viking invasions in the 9th century threw the earlier process of diocese creation into reverse, with a broad swathe of England between Northumbria and Wessex falling under the Danelaw. After the Saxon reconquest by Athelstan (927–39), the Danish territory was recolonized by amalgamating dioceses: the huge see of Dorchester... More
Anglo Saxon Dioceses 750
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Anglo Saxon Dioceses 750
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Pope Gregory the Great sent Augustine to establish an organized Church in England (597), resulting in the foundation of the sees of Canterbury, Rochester and London. Later, the Irish missionary Aidan founded Lindisfarne (635), from whence the monk and bishop Cedd established a see for the East Saxons at Bradwell... More
Archbishop Romeyn’s Preaching Campaign in the Diocese of York 1291
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Archbishop Romeyn’s Preaching Campaign in the Diocese of York 1291
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As the Muslim army of Qalawun threatened the removal of the Franks from Jerusalem in the lead-up to 1291, there was a desperate attempt to recruit new Christian forces from across Europe to defend Christianity’s last grasp of control in the region. As Archbishop of York, John le Romeyn was... More
Baghdad 2006
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Baghdad 2006
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Baghdad’s religious make-up has historically been contested between Sunni and Shia Muslims, however the 2003 invasion by the US and its allies provided the backdrop for a sharp rise in sectarian violence. This violence fully erupted in 2006 following the 22 February bombing of the al-Askari mosque in Samarra, one... More
Bar Kokhba’s Revolt 132–135 CE
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Bar Kokhba’s Revolt 132–135 CE
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The revolt of 132 CE was the third major Roman-Jewish conflict. It arose after the Romans began enforcing laws that restricted Jewish religious practices, such as circumcision, and started construction of a Roman city overlaying ancient Jerusalem. Jewish leader Simon Bar Kokhba quickly amassed a large following after being hailed... More
Battle of Arsuf 1191
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Battle of Arsuf 1191
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The pivotal moment of the battle of Arsuf was an act of insubordination. After taking the Siege of Acre, Richard I of England marched his crusader army south along the coast towards Jaffa, south of Arsuf. Throughout, his forces were harried by the forces of the Ayyubid sultan, Saladin. Richard... More