Christian - Page 2 of 8 - The Map Archive

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Christian Missions in India 1890
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Christian Missions in India 1890
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By the early 19th century the London Missionary Society had focused its attention on South Asia. The British East India Company, which governed India until 1858, had always been extremely wary of the risks of disturbing Muslim and Hindu sensibilities. However, increasing pressure from evangelicals in Britain led to a... More
Christian Persecution 2018
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Christian Persecution 2018
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Christians account for 4 per cent of the population of the Middle East, and are subject to varying degrees of persecution, ranging from routine discrimination in education, employment and social life to genocidal attacks. The “Arab Spring” (uprisings in 2010/11) and the fall of established dictatorships in Egypt, Libya, Syria... More
Christian Pilgrimage in the Late Middle Ages
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Christian Pilgrimage in the Late Middle Ages
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Throughout the Middle Ages Christians sought to engage in arduous physical travel to achieve a spiritual goal If possible, they visited the actual places in the Holy Land where Jesus and the apostles had lived, or they ventured to Rome, the scene of Christian martyrdoms. After the Christian sites in... More
Christianity in Africa 2018
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Christianity in Africa 2018
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The nationalist movements that led most of colonial Africa to independence in the years 1958–66 were typically secular, and newly independent nations often nationalized missionary institutions. Yet the growth of Christianity accelerated in the postcolonial period. In some cases, it felt into the continents conflict. In the Rwandan genocide of... More
Christianity in East Asia c. 1950
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Christianity in East Asia c. 1950
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In 1949 the Chinese communist leader Mao Zedong declared the creation of the People’s Republic of China. This announcement brought to the end the costly civil war between the Communist Party and the nationalist Kuomintang, led by Chiang Kai-shek, which had broken out immediately after the end of Word War... More
Christianity in South Africa 1858
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Christianity in South Africa 1858
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By the early 19th century, when the Dutch Cape Colony came under British rule, South Africa was a major hub for maritime trade between Asia and Europe, and in the week of traders came successive waves of Christian missionaries, originating in the Netherlands, the British Isles, France and the United... More
Christianity in the Communist World 1980
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Christianity in the Communist World 1980
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While there were only two Communist countries in 1980 – Cambodia and North Korea – where Christianity was actively suppressed, there were also only two countries where religion was freely practised, Cuba and Poland, and in both these cases Roman Catholicism was firmly entrenched, with devout populations. The vast majority... More
Christianization of the Baltic 1199–1329
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Christianization of the Baltic 1199–1329
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In 1199 Albert of Boxhoeveden was sent by the Archbishop of Bremen and Hamburg to convert the Livs to Christianity. Founding Riga, he became its bishop, and created the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, to supplement his German crusaders. By 1212, the Livs were subdued, and in 1217, the Estonians... More
Churches of Colonial America 1763
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Churches of Colonial America 1763
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In sparsely populated colonial America it was hard to adhere to conventional practices of worship; a parish could stretch for over 100 miles, and with churches and millions ministers often distant, anticlerical, self-reliant and sometimes idiosyncratic forms of Protestant flourished. From the beginning of English, Dutch and Swedish colonisation of... More
Clairvaux Abbey 1115
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Clairvaux Abbey 1115
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This Cistercian monastery, founded by St Bernard, was located in Ville-sous-la-Ferté in Burgundy. St Bernard had joined the new Cistercian foundation of Cîteaux in 1112 or 1113, and was sent out in 1115 to found Clairvaux. The growth of the Cistercians was phenomenal; by the time Bernard died 68 monasteries... More
Cluniac Monasticism c. 1000
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Cluniac Monasticism c. 1000
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The Cluniac movement, founded at Cluny, Saône-et-Loire in France in 910 by the monk Berno, believed that monastic rule had become too lax and was determined to adopt stricter religious practice and spend more time in prayer, following the rule of St Benedict. The Cluniacs were also champions of clerical... More
Cluny Abbey c. 900-1100
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Cluny Abbey c. 900-1100
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Founded in 910 by William the Pious, ruler of Aquitaine, Cluny Abbey was (unusually for the era) under direct papal control. The abbey’s independence and emphasis on the Benedictine values of silence, humility and care for the poor made it a leader of western monasticism. Initially, the Abbey was a... More