Political – Page 21 – The Map Archive

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The Oligarchs’ Inheritance – Natural Resources of the CIS
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The Oligarchs’ Inheritance – Natural Resources of the CIS
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Although aspects of capitalist policy were introduced under Gorbachev’s perestroika reforms in the late 1980s, large-scale privatization of Russia’s state-owned businesses did not take off until 1992. Russia initially pursued a process of voucher privatization, whereby all citizens received vouchers that could be used to obtain shares. Russia and much... More
The Pale 1488
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The Pale 1488
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The Pale was defined by an Act of Parliament (1488), setting out the (much reduced) area of Ireland still effectively under the direct control of the English king. ‘Beyond the Pale’, the rule of Ireland was effectively parcelled out between resurgent Gaelic chieftains and the largely autonomous Hiberno-Norman earldoms. But... More
The Partition of India 1947
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The Partition of India 1947
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In the words of India's first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, "At the stroke of the midnight hour, when the world sleeps, India will awake to life and freedom." Upon independence on 15 August 1947, when the British left the subcontinent after 300 years of colonial rule, India was partitioned into... More
The Peasants’ Revolt 1381
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The Peasants’ Revolt 1381
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The Peasants’ Revolt of 1381 was the most serious uprising in Medieval England. The peasants were angry about a recently imposed poll tax (to cover the cost of war with France), food-shortages, poor wages and their serfdom. The revolt began when a tax collector was thrown out of an Essex... More
The Presidential Election 1824
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The Presidential Election 1824
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With the collapse of the Federalist party and the end of the Congressional Caucus nomination system, there were four main Democratic-Republican candidates running for president in 1824. They were: William H. Crawford (secretary to the treasury and the ‘official’ candidate to replace Monroe); Henry Clay (speaker of the House of... More
The Presidential Election 1828
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The Presidential Election 1828
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By the 1820s, great changes were convulsing the country. New factories were opened, particularly in New England, and an urban working class was emerging. New states such as Ohio adopted the Constitution, which extended the vote to all white adult males. Expansion of the franchise still had far to go,... More
The Presidential Election 1832
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The Presidential Election 1832
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The election of 1832 saw Andrew Jackson opposed by Republican Henry Clay, in his second bid for presidency, and William Wirt, candidate for the Anti-Masonic party. The first ‘third-party’ election, this was also the first time that candidates were chosen by national nominating conventions, rather than congressional caucus or state... More
The Presidential Election 1836
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The Presidential Election 1836
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The election of 1836 was unusual because the Whig party – formed of various anti-Jackson factions including the National Republican party and the Anti-Masonic party – put forward four nominees to stand against the Democratic nominee, Martin Van Buren. These Whig candidates – William Henry Harrison (former Ohio senator and... More
The Presidential Election 1840
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The Presidential Election 1840
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While Martin Van Burren was nominated to run for a second term in office (with Richard Johnson as running mate), the Whig party chose William Henry Harrison (over Henry Clay) with John Tyler as their candidate for vice president. With the two-party political system firmly in place, the opposing campaigns... More
The Presidential Election 1844
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The Presidential Election 1844
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In 1844 the key election issues were territorial expansion, especially the annexation of Texas. Thousands of Americans poured westward to create new lives for themselves and to fulfil the national ambition to own the continent. When the Democratic party held their convention in Baltimore on 27 May they nominated James... More
The Presidential Election 1848
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The Presidential Election 1848
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James Polk had promised to serve just one term as president and, during those four years, achieved his objectives: to re-establish the independent treasury system, lower the tariff, settle the Oregon-boundary dispute and acquire California. Further land acquisition followed the end of the Mexico-American War and a treaty with Great... More
The Presidential Election 1852
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The Presidential Election 1852
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Both the Whig party and the Democratic party were facing internal divisions over slavery – particularly after the Compromise of 1850, a series of resolutions that sought to defuse the growing crisis – and the election of 1852 would be the last for the Whigs. After failure to nominate a... More