Political – Page 15 – The Map Archive

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Rome and its Near Neighbours 300 BCE
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Rome and its Near Neighbours 300 BCE
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In 387 BCE, Rome was sacked by an invading Gallic army, a humiliation which proved a catalyst for subsequent campaigns, which would end in Roman dominance of the Italian peninsula. The Latin League, an alliance of city states centred upon Aricia, had refused to help Rome against the Gauls and... More
Rome: from Republic to Empire 27 BCE–14 CE
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Rome: from Republic to Empire 27 BCE–14 CE
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On returning to Rome following his victory in Egypt, Augustus assuaged the Roman senators’ deep-rooted suspicion of autocracy by renouncing all his powers and territories and handing them back to the Roman people. The grateful Senate granted him a province that embraced Gaul, Syria, Egypt and Cyprus. Because these territories... More
Rome: the Last Years of the Republic 44–27 BCE
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Rome: the Last Years of the Republic 44–27 BCE
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The young Gaius Octavius (Octavian) was Caesar’s adopted son. Claiming that it was his duty to avenge his father’s assassination, he now made a bold bid for power. Uniting with Caesar’s old allies Mark Antony, and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus he formed the Second Triumvirate and went to war against Brutus... More
Russia’s New Tank Factories 1922–39
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Russia’s New Tank Factories 1922–39
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In 1922, Russia, weakened by civil war and humiliated by a series of military defeats, was determined to regain its prestige by becoming a formidable military power. This meant funnelling resources into arms production. The Germans, who were blocked from armaments manufacture by the Treaty of Versailles (1918), entered into... More
Russian Expansion in Europe 1800–09
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Russian Expansion in Europe 1800–09
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At the turn of the 19th century, Napoleon Bonaparte began a campaign of French imperial expansion across much of Europe. Russia’s stance towards Napoleon changed a number of times between 1800 and 1809 when the alliance between the two countries began to slip. After Alexander came to power in 1801,... More
Russian Expansion to 1795
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Russian Expansion to 1795
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From the end of Peter I’s reign to the end of Catherine II’s, Imperial Russia enjoyed a period of territorial expansion as it established itself as a major European power. Peter secured Dagestan from the Safavids in 1722, however it was returned in 1735, and Kabardia was declared a Russo-Ottoman... More
Russian Oil Exports
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Russian Oil Exports
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Russia is the dominant oil and gas exporter to Europe supplying around a third of its oil and more than a quarter of its natural gas. The European Union imports 90 per cent of its energy needs, and the dependency on Russian gas, while less in percentage terms, is viewed... More
Russian Regions and Provinces c. 1860
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Russian Regions and Provinces c. 1860
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Russian armies of serf conscripts were outfought by their Western opponents in the Crimean War (1853–56). This, combined with the spiralling rural unrest the demands of war had triggered, led Emperor Alexander II to embark an ambitious programme of reform (1861–65), beginning with the emancipation of serfs. Zemstva, a basic... More
Scotland 1500–1603
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Scotland 1500–1603
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Henry VIII’s vaunting ambition inspired one of the periodic revivals of the Auld Alliance between Scotland and France, much to Scotland’s detriment. Successive invasions of England in support of the French cause ended disastrously at Flodden Field (1513) and Solway Moss (1542). During the infancy of Mary, Queen of Scots,... More
Serf Population Growth c. 1865
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Serf Population Growth c. 1865
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Tsar Alexander I’s revolutionary abolition of serfdom in 1861 was a major step in modernizing Russian society, which was severely lagging behind its western European counterparts in many respects. The Crimean War in particular had highlighted the shortcomings of Russia’s military, which was comprised mainly of serfs, so Alexander set... More
Shared Hunting Grounds on the Northern Great Plains c. 1840
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Shared Hunting Grounds on the Northern Great Plains c. 1840
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The Assiniboine and Chippewa were originally fierce rivals. In the 18th century, the Chippewa migrated westward into the Assiniboine’s traditional hunting grounds in the Canadian Great Plains, gaining dominance through musketry and horses obtained from trade with the French. However, by the 1740s, early explorers observed the tribes operating in... More
Sinn Féin Anti-treaty 1922
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Sinn Féin Anti-treaty 1922
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The 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty ended the two-year Irish War of Independence and established an independent Ireland, with the six counties of Ulster remaining British. Because the new Irish Free State remained a British dominion, there was tension between anti and pro-Treaty Sinn Féin, with anti-Treaty Sinn Féin wanting full separation... More