Peoples

Showing 37–48 of 131 results

East Africa c. 1000
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East Africa c. 1000
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Two waves of settlement washed over the Great Lakes region a thousand years ago: Nilo-Saharan peoples from Sudan beginning in the 8th century, to be succeeded by Bantu from the west in the 10th century. To the east of Lake Victoria, the varied ecology gave rise to communal specialization in... More
England’s Population in 1086
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England’s Population in 1086
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William the Conqueror commissioned the Domesday Book after his conquest of England in 1066. Its survey, completed in 1086, gave an overview of population and a breakdown of which lands were leased to whom as tenants under the new feudal system. It also contained information about what taxable sources of... More
Ethnic Diversity of former Yugoslavia c. 1990
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Ethnic Diversity of former Yugoslavia c. 1990
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Yugoslavia was constructed as a multi-ethnic federation by communist leader Marshall Tito in 1945. It was made up of six ethnically diverse republics; Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Slovenia and semi-autonomous Kosovo. After Tito’s death in 1980, bitter inter-ethnic rivalries asserted themselves and there were clashes between different ethnic... More
Ethnic Population 1991
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Ethnic Population 1991
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From 1951–91, the British population born outside the UK almost doubled, and, as a percentage of the total population, increased from 4.3 to 7.3 per cent. By 2011, the population born outside the UK had increased to 13.4 per cent. Traditionally, the largest non-UK component in the population has been... More
Ethnic Russia Former boundary of USSR to 1991
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Ethnic Russia Former boundary of USSR to 1991
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Just prior to 1991, the USSR consisted of 15 countries and many ethnic groups. Although most of the USSR’s population were ethnic Russians, several republics maintained some autonomy and a distinct non-Russian ethnicity. Turkic peoples lived in Russian Siberia and the Central Asian republics and Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan region. They... More
Ethno-Linguistic Groups of the Middle East
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Ethno-Linguistic Groups of the Middle East
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The Middle East is divided into a patchwork of ethno-linguistic groups whose movements and settlement have been determined by many hundreds, even thousands, of years of migration within the region. Arabs dominate the southern areas around the Arabian Peninsula, with many neighbouring areas using Arabic as a second language. Along... More
Etruscan Expansion 575 BCE
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Etruscan Expansion 575 BCE
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Etruscan civilization had its roots in coastal central Italy and was flourishing by 600 BCE. The Etruscans were traders who mined, and sold, valuable minerals such as copper and iron. By 600 BCE, influenced by the Greek model, they formed themselves into twelve city-states, each a political unit. They expanded... More
Expansion of Sparta 8th to 5th Centuries BCE
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Expansion of Sparta 8th to 5th Centuries BCE
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Sparta’s homeland was in Laconia, a Greek city-state in the southern Peloponnese. Run by a military elite who concentrated on warfare and politics, it forbade money-making activity. Each Spartan warrior was given a plot of land, farmed by state slaves (helots). Land was at a premium and in the 8th... More
Feudal Grant and Obligation Network
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Feudal Grant and Obligation Network
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Under the classic feudal system, absolute, unfettered ownership of land resided solely with the monarch. Directly beneath came tenants-in-chief, the feudal barons granted lands in return for military service and taxation. The main manor or castle of a barony was termed the caput; the barons in turn had the right... More
France in 1789: Language and Law
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France in 1789: Language and Law
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Pre-Revolutionary France was a lawyers paradise: written Roman law prevailed in the south, customary feudal law in the north, with frequent local overlap in codes and practice. Intendents were the regional representatives of royal authority, controlling the policing, finances and justiciary of the provinces they administered. The Prévots Maréchaux handled... More
Free Blacks c. 1860
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Free Blacks c. 1860
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By 1860, the American black population was nearing 4 million of which c. 12 per cent were free. The proportion varied widely in those states where slavery was permitted. Delaware, largely through the activities of Quaker and Moravian preachers, had freed 92 per cent of its black population, while the... More
Highland Clearances 1745–1881
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Highland Clearances 1745–1881
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After the Jacobite defeat at Culloden in 1746, the British government were determined to erase the culture of the Scottish Highlands. They banned the speaking of Gaelic, playing of the bagpipes, the wearing of tartan and gatherings in public places. These deprivations were cruelly compounded by the Highland Clearances, described... More