Peoples

Showing 1–12 of 131 results

Aboriginal Religions
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Aboriginal Religions
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The original human migration to Australia is believed to have occurred around 40,000 years ago when a land bridge linked the Australian continent to Asia in the north. Genetic evidence supports the probability of migration from the north, as the genetic profile of Australian Aborigines displays some similarities to the... More
Abortion Rates in the USA 1992
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Abortion Rates in the USA 1992
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Until the landmark Roe v. Wade Supreme Court decision (1973) overturned laws against abortion, it was illegal in 30 states, and only permissible in special circumstances in 16 others. It remains a hotly contested issue; public opinion overall tends to be roughly evenly divided, with passionate ‘pro-life’ and ‘pro-choice’ camps.... More
Africa, Culture and Trade 1500–1800
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Africa, Culture and Trade 1500–1800
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In the 16th century the Songhay Empire dominated in West Africa through control of the lucrative trans-Saharan caravan routes and trade in slaves and gold. This dominance would be abruptly shattered by the invasion of Sultan Ahmad Al-Mansur of Morocco (1591). The Moroccans soon withdrew, enabling the Air Dynasty of... More
Africa, Desert States c. 1350–1600
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Africa, Desert States c. 1350–1600
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The nomadic Bedouin followed in the wake of the Islamic conquest of North Africa, spreading from their heartlands in Syria, Jordan and Arabia. Pastoralists, they would occupy the arid steppes on the margins of arable cultivation, ranging over wide areas and trading their livestock produce for the cereals, dates and... More
African American Newspapers and Periodicals 1820–60
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African American Newspapers and Periodicals 1820–60
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The America’s earliest abolitionist newspaper, the “Manumission Intelligencer” was actually published in the slave state of Tennessee by a white ex-slave owner, Elihu Embree in 1819. However, black leaders soon stepped forward to “plead their own cause”, in the words of the Reverend Samuel E. Cornish, founder of “Freedom’s Journal”,... More
Aquae Sulis Roman Baths c. 100 CE
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Aquae Sulis Roman Baths c. 100 CE
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The English city of Bath was once the Roman town Aquae Sulis (‘Waters of Sul’). It was established c. 100 when the Romans began building a baths and temple complex on three hot mineral springs. The complex was dedicated to Sulis (Celtic goddess of springs) and Minerva (Roman goddess of... More
Armenia and Azerbaijan 1992–93
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Armenia and Azerbaijan 1992–93
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Armenia and Azerbaijan have been engaged in a long-standing dispute over the Nagorno-Karabakh region, which is nominally an autonomous area within Azerbaijan. In 1923 it was allocated to the Azerbaijani SSR by a central Communist bureau, despite having a population which was almost 95 per cent ethnic Armenian at the... More
Auschwitz Concentration, Extermination and Forced Labour Camps July 1944
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Auschwitz Concentration, Extermination and Forced Labour Camps July 1944
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In 1944, allied pilots took the first aerial shots of the Auschwitz concentration camp complex near the Polish villages of Oświęcim and Brzezinski. Auschwitz I housed workshops and armaments factories, Auschwitz III was a subcamp, while Auschwitz II was the main extermination centre. From their aircraft, the pilots saw gas... More
Auschwitz II (Birkenau) Camp July 1944
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Auschwitz II (Birkenau) Camp July 1944
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Established by Germany’s SS authorities, Auschwitz-Birkenau II formed part of a forced labour and extermination camp complex on the Polish-German border. Auschwitz-Birkenau II was the main extermination centre and divided into ten barbed wired sections patrolled by guards and dog handlers. After the mass transport trains arrived, prisoners’ possessions were... More
Baby Boomers and Population Movement in the British Isles 1945–55
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Baby Boomers and Population Movement in the British Isles 1945–55
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The Great Smog that enveloped London in December 1952 is variously estimated to have caused 4,000–12,000 deaths. The Smog crystallized a growing British post-war disenchantment with urban living, evident in the shift to the suburbs. Government policy had already endorsed and promoted the shift through the New Towns Act (1946),... More
Black Soldiers in the Union Army 1864
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Black Soldiers in the Union Army 1864
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From 1863 black Americans could join the Union Army, reversing legislation that prohibited them from bearing arms. By the conclusion of the Civil War, 208,000 of the total Union fighting force were black, constituting 10 per cent of the total number. Over the course of the war more than 40,000... More
Black Voter Registration 1958 and 1965
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Black Voter Registration 1958 and 1965
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In 1957 in Little Rock, Arkansas, 1,000 paratroops from the ‘Screaming Eagles’ 101st Airborne Division and 10,000 National Guard were deployed to enable nine black schoolchildren to attend a previously all-white school. Captured on television, the episode provoked a shocked President Eisenhower – no natural reformer – to promulgate the... More