Nations – Page 6 – The Map Archive

Showing 61–72 of 124 results

Romania 1919–40
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Romania 1919–40
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Between April 1919 and March 1920, the kingdom of Romania and the First Hungarian Republic were engaged in war. The war began after Hungary’s government, angered by the Paris Conference’s decision to cede Hungarian border territories to Romania, resigned. Bolsheviks briefly took over the government in March 1919; their belligerence... More
Rome and its Near Neighbours 300 BCE
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Rome and its Near Neighbours 300 BCE
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In 387 BCE, Rome was sacked by an invading Gallic army, a humiliation which proved a catalyst for subsequent campaigns, which would end in Roman dominance of the Italian peninsula. The Latin League, an alliance of city states centred upon Aricia, had refused to help Rome against the Gauls and... More
Russian Industry Under Peter the Great 1689–1725
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Russian Industry Under Peter the Great 1689–1725
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Much of Peter the Great’s inspiration for the sweeping reforms he would make in Russia came from his visit to western Europe in 1697 during the Grand Embassy. Although the mission’s original aim, to secure diplomatic backing against the Ottomans, failed, it provided the tsar with invaluable first-hand experience of... More
Russian Regions and Provinces c. 1860
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Russian Regions and Provinces c. 1860
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Russian armies of serf conscripts were outfought by their Western opponents in the Crimean War (1853–56). This, combined with the spiralling rural unrest the demands of war had triggered, led Emperor Alexander II to embark an ambitious programme of reform (1861–65), beginning with the emancipation of serfs. Zemstva, a basic... More
Russo-Georgian War 7–12 August 2008
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Russo-Georgian War 7–12 August 2008
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The Russian Federation of Vladimir Putin showed a profound solidarity with the drive for self-determination in Abkhazia and South Ossetia that was curiously absent in its dealings with the neighbouring members of the Russian Federation. Triggered by a Georgian invasion of South Ossetia on 7 August 2008 (in response to... More
Serf Population Growth c. 1865
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Serf Population Growth c. 1865
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Tsar Alexander I’s revolutionary abolition of serfdom in 1861 was a major step in modernizing Russian society, which was severely lagging behind its western European counterparts in many respects. The Crimean War in particular had highlighted the shortcomings of Russia’s military, which was comprised mainly of serfs, so Alexander set... More
Soviet Industrialization 1931–36
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Soviet Industrialization 1931–36
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In 1931, Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union, determined that Russia would not continue as a ‘backwards’ agrarian country, had already implemented his first Five Year Plan. This set draconian targets for the expansion of Russia’s coal, steel, oil and gas industries, with emphasis on Ukraine, the Volga... More
Star Wars 1983–93
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Star Wars 1983–93
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On 23 March 1983 President Ronald Reagan announced a new national defence program called the Strategic Defence Initiative. It was later dubbed ‘Star Wars’ by the media due to the futuristic array of anti-missile systems for which it provided development funding. As the intercontinental ballistic missile arsenals of the US... More
Territorial Changes in Persia/Iran 1813–1971
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Territorial Changes in Persia/Iran 1813–1971
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Persia’s Qajar Dynasty (1813–1925) did not suffer a Century of Humiliation on a par with contemporaneous China, but ran them close. It shared with China the territorially voracious Russia as its northern neighbour. The second Shah, Fath-Ali, (r. 1797–1834), renowned chiefly for the luxuriance of his beard and the number... More
The 1910 Election
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The 1910 Election
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The UK General Election of February 1910 handed a providential opportunity to the Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP) and their quest for Home Rule. The sponsors of the two previous Home Rule Bills (1886 and 1893), the Liberal Party, obtained a lead of just two seats over the inveterately anti-Home Rule... More
The Algerian War of Independence 1954–62
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The Algerian War of Independence 1954–62
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Algeria was classified as part of the French state, with (from 1947) French citizenship available to all of its subjects. Suppression of non-violent political movements seeking independence led to the formation of the Front de Libération Nationale (FLN) which, emboldened by French defeat in Indochina, launched Toussaint Rouge, a coordinated... More
The Anti-Treaty Vote in the General Election 1923
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The Anti-Treaty Vote in the General Election 1923
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Under the Anglo-Irish treaty, the Irish Free State was established as a semi-independent territory under the British Crown. It comprised 26 of Ireland’s 32 counties, with the remaining six counties (which were predominantly nationalist) part of the United Kingdom. Sinn Féin, the Irish Republicans, wanted full independence and repudiated the... More