Foundation – Page 2 – The Map Archive

Showing 13–24 of 36 results

Italian States 1789
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Italian States 1789
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Following the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–14) Austria was the dominant foreign power in Italy – the Papal States, the maritime republics of Venice and Genoa, and the Duchy of Savoy all remained independent. The power of the Papal States had declined after the Reformation and Counter-Reformation, when the... More
Kingdoms of the Diadochi 200 BCE
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Kingdoms of the Diadochi 200 BCE
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The Diadochi (literally, ‘successors’) were the military commanders and administrators who vied for supremacy over the cities and regions conquered by Alexander III ‘the Great’ of Macedon after his death in 323 BCE. By 300 BCE the empire had fragmented into four principal regions administered (from west to east) by... More
Kingdoms of the Diadochi 301 BCE
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Kingdoms of the Diadochi 301 BCE
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The Diadochi (literally, ‘successors’) were the military commanders and administrators who ruled the cities and regions conquered by Alexander III ‘the Great’ of Macedon, who had no designated successors. Following his death in 323 BCE, a triumvirate emerged that comprised: Perdiccas, nominated ‘Regent of the Empire’; Craterus, the military commander... More
Poland 1000
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Poland 1000
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Boleslaw I (Boleslaw the Brave) became Duke of Poland after his father, Mieszko I, died in 992. Boleslaw was an ambitious man who failed to honour his father’s wish that the Duchy of Poland be divided between Boleslaw and his step-brothers. Boleslaw reigned until 1025, by which time he had... More
Rise of the Franks 481–511
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Rise of the Franks 481–511
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The expansion of Frankish territories began under Clovis I, who became leader of his tribe, the Salian Franks, in 481 CE at 15 years old. Clovis soon began expanding his influence, assimilating other Frankish tribes, and strengthening his position by removing familial threats to his power – all the Frankish... More
Saul’s Kingdom and his Wars 1021–1000 BCE
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Saul’s Kingdom and his Wars 1021–1000 BCE
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In the middle of the 11th century BCE, the tribes of Israel were in a precarious situation, surrounded by warlike kingdoms and city-states. To better organize their defence, the Prophet Samuel summoned a tribal gathering at which Saul was acclaimed the first Israelite king. Saul swiftly proved his value, by... More
Scotland 843–1090
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Scotland 843–1090
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Some time around 839, the Norse Vikings inflicted a crushing defeat on the kings of the Picts and Dalriada, both of whom were slain in the battle. Dalriada, which had extended over Scotland’s western coasts and islands, was eventually annexed into the Norse earldom of Orkney. In the immediate aftermath... More
Southeast Asia 1400
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Southeast Asia 1400
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Kublai Khan conquered, but did not occupy, Burma, preferring to leave it weak and fragmented. The Shan hilltribes exploited the resultant instability, raiding constantly before strong successor states emerged in the late 14th century: the Ava kingdom of Upper Burma and the Hanthawaddy kingdom in Pegu. The poetically named ‘Kingdom... More
Territorial growth of the Saudi State 1902–1926
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Territorial growth of the Saudi State 1902–1926
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In 1901, Abdul Aziz ibn Saud set out with relatives to do some raiding in Nejd. His family had twice previously ruled Nejd as emirs. On the first occasion, the Ottomans expelled them (1818), tossing the severed head of the last emir into the Bosphorus. More recently (1891), their tribal... More
The British Isles in 550 CE
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The British Isles in 550 CE
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Between 550–600 CE, the Angle and Saxon kingdoms were established on the east and south coasts of England. The Romano-British territories had disappeared or splintered, due to internal fighting and inheritance laws that divided land between all surviving sons. The Germanic people (Angles, Saxons and Jutes) first arrived as mercenaries... More
The Decline of the Latin East 1225–61
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The Decline of the Latin East 1225–61
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Following the fall of Constantinople in 1204 much of the Byzantine Empire was partitioned amongst newly created Crusader states. Latin rule in the east was never secure, and some of that instability derived from the concessions made to the increasingly dominant Venetians in order to secure their assistance in the... More
The Emergence of Hungary 1000 CE
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The Emergence of Hungary 1000 CE
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In 10th-century Europe, the Hungarian tribes marauded with near impunity over a vast territory. Their new homeland in the Carpathian Basin was secured by annihilating the East Franks at Pressburg (907). From this base, they raided as far as Catalonia in northern Spain (942), Otranto (947) and the outskirts of... More