Irish History - Page 4 of 5

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The 1910 Election
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The 1910 Election
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The UK General Election of February 1910 handed a providential opportunity to the Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP) and their quest for Home Rule. The sponsors of the two previous Home Rule Bills (1886 and 1893), the Liberal Party, obtained a lead of just two seats over the inveterately anti-Home Rule... More
The Anglo-Norman Invasion 1169-89
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The Anglo-Norman Invasion 1169-89
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Rory O’ Connor, former High King of Ireland, died in his eighties in peaceful retirement at Cong Abbey (1198). Rory had inadvertently sparked the Norman invasion when he crushed Dermot MacMurragh of Leinster in battle. MacMurragh enlisted Norman support to regain his lands, making Richard Strongbow, Earl of Pembroke his... More
The Anti-Treaty Vote in the General Election 1923
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The Anti-Treaty Vote in the General Election 1923
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Under the Anglo-Irish treaty, the Irish Free State was established as a semi-independent territory under the British Crown. It comprised 26 of Ireland’s 32 counties, with the remaining six counties (which were predominantly nationalist) part of the United Kingdom. Sinn Féin, the Irish Republicans, wanted full independence and repudiated the... More
The Bruce Invasion 1315–18
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The Bruce Invasion 1315–18
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The motives for the invasion of Ireland by Edward Bruce, younger brother of Robert, the king of the Scots, are tangled. He was either opening up a second front in elder brother Robert’s war with England or attempting to seize his own kingdom. The Scots army disembarked at Larne in... More
The Decline of the Irish Language 1851
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The Decline of the Irish Language 1851
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By 1800, fluency in English was seen as essential for social advancement in Ireland. It was the language of the courts and of commerce. The opening of Maynooth Seminary near Dublin (1795) by a British government grant cemented English as the language of the Catholic clergy and thus, of education,... More
The Decline of the Irish Language 1961
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The Decline of the Irish Language 1961
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In 1841, Irish speakers numbered some 4 million. Fifty years later, after the depredations of the Great Famine and endemic mass emigration, that number had dwindled to under 700,000. English had become not just the language of socio-economic advancement but survival. Concern at the decline sparked an attempted revival, exemplified... More
The Easter Rising: Dublin Castle 25 April 1916
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The Easter Rising: Dublin Castle 25 April 1916
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The Easter Rising was probably doomed before it began. The nationalist Roger Casement had arranged for the Germans to ship arms to the rebels; when the shipment was intercepted, the leading Irish Volunteers commander, Eoin MacNeill, withdrew from the enterprise. However, the rebels forfeited their main opportunity to prolong resistance... More
The Easter Rising: Immediate Response 25–26 April 1916
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The Easter Rising: Immediate Response 25–26 April 1916
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In the immediate aftermath of the Easter uprising the British authorities, taken by surprise, responded cautiously, uncertain of the forces and armaments arrayed against them. Martial law was declared on 25 April, and Brigadier General William Lowe arrived from Curragh barracks to take command of British operations. The approaches to... More
The English Hold on Ireland 1250
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The English Hold on Ireland 1250
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Although piecemeal and freebooting, the Norman subjugation of Ireland developed a form of routine. To protect their salient of conquest, the Normans built basic ringwork, or motte and bailey castles. Once secure, the lords built imposing stone castles, symbols of their dominance, and centres of residence, administration and entertainment. Finally,... More
The English Hold on Ireland c. 1400
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The English Hold on Ireland c. 1400
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Anglo-Norman power in Ireland was consolidated by the Great Charter (1217), derived from Magna Carta, and reached its zenith in the elective Parliament of 1297. Formed originally of the Norman nobility, knights and clergy, town burghers were added in 1299. Thereafter Scots invasion, famines, and the ravages of the Black... More
The Great Famine 1845–51
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The Great Famine 1845–51
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The Great Irish famine resulted in over a million deaths, from diseases such as cholera and dysentery, as well as starvation. Its cause, potato blight, had originated in America and spread widely throughout Europe, but nowhere were its effects as catastrophic as in Ireland. Through absent landowners and grasping agents,... More
The Growth of Irish Nationalism 1895
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The Growth of Irish Nationalism 1895
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W.B. Yeats described Ireland in the 1890s as a nation ‘now plastic’ like ‘molten wax’ ready to be shaped and transformed. But those who sought to mould that destiny were contentious and divided. The Home Rule movement had been riven by the fall from grace of its charismatic champion, Charles... More