Invasion - Page 6 of 20 - The Map Archive

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Europe at the Overthrow of the Last Western Emperor 476
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Europe at the Overthrow of the Last Western Emperor 476
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The disintegration of Rome in the 5th century was epitomized by the exploits of Ricimer, a Sueve from northern Spain who gained command of the Roman armies in the 450s. He organized the assassination (usually in grisly fashion) of four successive Roman emperors, before expiring of a haemorrhage in 472.... More
Europe August 1940
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Europe August 1940
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World War II began in September 1939 with the German invasion of Poland but, despite a declaration of war against Germany by Britain and France, neither country launched any significant land-based military operations against the German occupation. This period was known as the Phoney War due to Allied inaction despite... More
Europe under Nazi Domination, 1942
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Europe under Nazi Domination, 1942
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By late 1942, Nazi domination of Europe seemed complete. Between 1938 and 1939, Austria, most of Poland, and the ethnically Czech western portion of Czechoslovakia had been annexed to the German Empire. By summer 1940, the Wehrmacht’s blitzkrieg had brought much of Western Europe to heel. In Southeastern Europe, Hungary,... More
European Travellers to the Mongol Court 1245–1295
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European Travellers to the Mongol Court 1245–1295
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By 1245, the Mongols had crossed into central Europe, successfully conquering Hungary in 1241. Rumours of Mongol cruelty, such as the butchering of civilian populations who had been promised peaceful occupation, added to heightened terror throughout European Christendom; military orders (‘Warrior Monks’) were encamped on the plains of Hungary, ready... More
Expansion of Muscovy 1340–1462
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Expansion of Muscovy 1340–1462
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Ivan I, Grand Duke of Moscow (1325–40), used his favoured vassal status to the Golden Horde to earn the soubriquet ‘gatherer of Russian lands’, inveigling the Khan to murder his rivals, or using trade monopolies to indebt them and annex their territories. Dmitri Donskoy (1359–89) was more bombastic, going to... More
Expansion of Muscovy 1462–1533
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Expansion of Muscovy 1462–1533
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The fall of Constantinople in 1453 allowed Ivan III (1462–1505) to style himself ‘tsar’, the natural successor to the emperors of Byzantium, and address the Holy Roman Emperor in correspondence as ‘brother’. Increasingly, his claims were justified. Although the Tatars were eliminated as a threat (the Crimean Khanate reached the... More
Expansion of Rome 500–218 BCE
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Expansion of Rome 500–218 BCE
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After deposing their last Etruscan king, Tarquin, in 509 BCE, the new Roman republic first consolidated its power, by alliance or conquest, over the plain of Latium. The Romans then confronted their former overlords and neighbours, the Etruscans, seizing control of the River Tiber in 396 BCE. Rome itself was... More
First Battle of Carrhae 53 BCE
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First Battle of Carrhae 53 BCE
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Parthia was the scene of one of the Roman Empire’s most crushing defeats. Seven legions of the Roman army, led by wealthy politician and military commander, Marcus Licinius Crassus, advanced into Carrhae in 53 BCE, as part of a strategy to conquer the powerful Parthian Empire. The 35,000-strong legions advanced... More
France After End of June 1940
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France After End of June 1940
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On 22 June 1940, the Franco-German Armistice was signed, dividing France in two. The Germans occupied one half, while the other – Vichy – was a French state under the supreme authority of 83-year-old Marshal Philippe Pétain. By the end of June 1940, the Germans also occupied the Channel Islands... More
France and Belgium May–June 1940
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France and Belgium May–June 1940
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On 10 May 1940, Germany invaded westwards with a strategy that surprised the Allies geographically and tactically. The Belgian fort Eben Emael fell the next day, allowing German forces to cross the Albert Canal and the heavily defended Belgian border, distracting the Allies from the German Ardennes offensive. They advanced... More
Franco-German War 1870–71
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Franco-German War 1870–71
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The trigger for war was a diplomatic row over the Spanish succession. Provoked by Bismarck, the Prussian chancellor, France declared war, which Bismarck countered with an alliance of the German states. Mobilizing at a speed that confounded the French, the German alliance achieved a string of victories in the Rhineland,... More
Greater Germany 1942
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Greater Germany 1942
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In 1942 Germany, which sought to establish the Greater German Reich in Europe, dominated most of the continent. Austria and Luxembourg had been completely absorbed, as had the ‘General Government for the occupied Polish area’, which was established by a decree in October 1939 and was located in the centre... More