Invasion

Showing 133–144 of 238 results

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  Roman Provincial Development 50–410 CE

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  Roman Provincial Development 50–410 CE

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  Julius Caesar invaded Britain (Britannia) in 54 BCE where he received tribute and subdued the Trinovantes. After this, he returned to his conquests in Gaul. In 43 CE, the Emperor Claudius despatched four legions to conquer Britain. After General Vespasian and his legion successfully routed the British, Claudius entered Colchester... More
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  Rome and Celtiberians 208–19 BCE

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  Rome and Celtiberians 208–19 BCE

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  The Celtiberians of central Iberia fought as mercenaries in the Punic Wars (264–146 BCE), supporting Carthage against the Roman incursion into Carthaginian Iberia. The Carthaginian hold on Iberia was broken after the Roman victory at IIipa in 206 BCE. The southern and eastern Iberian Peninsula became a Roman province and,... More
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  Rome’s Successors 525 CE

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  Rome’s Successors 525 CE

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  With the collapse of the Western Empire in 476 CE, western Europe was soon dominated by three emerging powers, which synthesized Roman institutions with their own cultural heritage to forge a new identity. The Merovingian dynasty of the Franks ruled much of present-day France and Germany, initially under Clovis I... More
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  Russia and the Mongol Invasion 1223–42

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  Russia and the Mongol Invasion 1223–42

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  The Battle of the Kalka River (1223) should have served warning to Kievan Rus of the existential threat posed by the Mongols, but instead the competing principalities remained divided. In 1237, a much larger Mongol army, under the command of Batu Khan, returned to administer the coup de grâce. Batu... More
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  Russian Campaign–Advance to Smolensk 22 June–24 August 1812

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  Russian Campaign–Advance to Smolensk 22 June–24 August 1812

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  After crossing the Russian border on 24 June 1812, Napoleon falsely believed that he would quickly defeat the two main Russian armies. His X corps, under Maréchal Macdonald, was to guard Napoleon’s northern flank, while Prince Karl von Schwarzenberg’s V corps and General Reynier’s VII corps protected the southern flank.... More
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  Russian Capture of Trebizond 5 February–18 April 1916

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  Russian Capture of Trebizond 5 February–18 April 1916

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  With the Allied evacuation of Gallipoli at the end of 1915, substantial Ottoman forces would be released to reinforce their other fronts. Realizing this, the Russians made a pre-emptive strike in eastern Anatolia with an army of 300,000; their first target being the formidably fortified city of Erzerum. After routing... More
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  Russian Expansion in the West 1640–67

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  Russian Expansion in the West 1640–67

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  In 1610–12, at the height of the ‘Time of Troubles’, Poles had occupied Moscow, their mercenaries massacring inhabitants and their domineering Catholicism alienating the nobility. Accordingly, when the Zaporozhian Cossacks rose in revolt against Poland in land seized from Russia, Tsar Alexis saw the opportunity for revenge. The revolt began... More
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  Saite Expansion 664–656 BCE

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  Saite Expansion 664–656 BCE

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  After the death of his father, Neko I, in battle with the invading Kushite (Nubian) king, Tantamani, Psamtek I could exploit the crushing of the Kush by his Assyrian overlord, Ashurbanipal, by establishing an independent foothold in Lower Egypt based on the city of Sais. In the opening years of... More
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  Scandinavian Expansion in the Baltic 1100–1292

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  Scandinavian Expansion in the Baltic 1100–1292

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  For much of the High Middle Ages, Scandinavian rulers devoted as much energy to internal disputes as to external expansion. Both Sweden and Norway lapsed into a century of instability in the 1130s. Sweden’s revival began with Birger Jarl Magnusson, regent in the 1240s, who led a crusade into Finland,... More
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  Scotland 843–1090

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  Scotland 843–1090

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  Some time around 839, the Norse Vikings inflicted a crushing defeat on the kings of the Picts and Dalriada, both of whom were slain in the battle. Dalriada, which had extended over Scotland’s western coasts and islands, was eventually annexed into the Norse earldom of Orkney. In the immediate aftermath... More
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  Shoshenk’s Palestinian Campaign c. 925 BCE

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  Shoshenk’s Palestinian Campaign c. 925 BCE

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  Pharaoh Shoshenk’s Palestinian campaign is conventionally dated to 925 BCE. He is thought to be the biblical pharaoh, Shishak. Although the biblical account was written some years after the events, the relief on the walls of Shoshenk’s Karnak temple, made in his 21st year, list about 150 sacked Palestinian (Israeli... More
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  Soviet Invasion of Manchuria August–September 1945

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  Soviet Invasion of Manchuria August–September 1945

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  The Soviets’ final operation of World War II was the invasion of the Japanese-administered territories in Mongolia, Manchuria (Manchukuo), northern Korea and the Kuril Islands. The invasion began in August 1945, three months after the Germans’ surrender, and coinciding with the US bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. On 9 August... More