Maritime – The Map Archive

Showing 1–12 of 21 results

Asian Exploration c. 1430
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Asian Exploration c. 1430
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Pre-Columbus, the greatest feats of maritime navigation belonged to the Polynesians. Before the Portuguese had reached even the Canaries, Polynesian seafarers had traversed most of the Pacific. The northern seaboards of the Indian Ocean were the conduits of the world’s most lucrative trade routes, with their control fiercely contested by... More
English Explorations 1497–1776
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English Explorations 1497–1776
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When the Venetian John Cabot, commissioned by Henry VII of England, discovered the coast of North America in 1497, it was the first European arrival in the North American continent since the Vikings. There would be no follow-up for over a century, when the Spanish moved north from the Gulf... More
Exploration of The Northwest and East Passages 1903–34
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Exploration of The Northwest and East Passages 1903–34
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The Northwest and East Passages are Arctic shipping routes connecting the Atlantic to the Pacific. Explorers had been looking for faster trading routes from Europe to Asia through the Arctic since the mid-1500s. Norwegian explorer, Roald Amundsen first traversed the Northwest Passage, through the Canadian Arctic archipelago, in 1902–05. It... More
French Explorations 1524–1690
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French Explorations 1524–1690
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After the grand tour of Verrazzano, working in the service of King Francis I of France, of the eastern seaboard in 1524, early French attempts at colonization in North America proved abortive. Attempts to establish settlements along the St Lawrence by Cartier and his successors were defeated by the climate... More
Global Exploration 1000–1673
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Global Exploration 1000–1673
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The Franciscan monk, William of Rubruck, travelled to the Great Khan’s court in Karakorum from 1252 to 1255. This was not a ground-breaking journey; several missionaries preceded him, and at the court he encountered a French silversmith, and a woman from Lorraine doing the cooking. Until the 15th century, it... More
Henry Hudson’s Last Voyage 1610-11
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Henry Hudson’s Last Voyage 1610-11
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Captain Henry Hudson, an English explorer and navigator, was employed by the Dutch East India Company to sail the Northwest passage and find a faster route to the Orient. Once his boat, the Discovery, passed Greenland, its closeness to the magnetic Pole rendered its compass useless and Hudson ended up... More
Henry Hudson’s Last Voyage 1610–11
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Henry Hudson’s Last Voyage 1610–11
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Henry Hudson was born in around 1565 in England, possibly London. He became a sea captain and explorer employed by the Muscovy Company of London, Dutch East India Company, English East India Company among others. In 1607 and 1608 Hudson had made two voyages attempting to find the rumoured northern... More
Latitude and Longitude
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Latitude and Longitude
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The travellers of the ancient world positioned themselves using landmarks and simple maps. This worked well locally, but different methods were needed for travelling further afield across featureless terrain such as sea or desert. Travellers now required a frame of reference, or co-ordinates, to fix their position. In the 3rd... More
Settlement of the Pacific
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Settlement of the Pacific
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Around 50,000 years ago lower sea levels produced a contiguous landmass in western Indonesia from which early humans island-hopped to the then-fused New Guinea and Australia. The next plunge, into the Pacific, began in around 1500 BCE, possibly linked to the evolution of the twin hulled sailing canoe. Roughly contemporaneous... More
Spanish Explorations 1513–1605
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Spanish Explorations 1513–1605
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Spanish expeditions into North America paled by comparison with the spectacular, and fabulously lucrative, conquests of the Aztecs in Mexico and the Incas of South America. The Spanish Crown seemed to think so, and was willing to trade its North American territories in treaties with other European powers of the... More
The Known World in 1490
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The Known World in 1490
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Europeans had travelled overland as far as China in search of wealth and trade. The 13th-century journey of the Venetian Marco Polo, who had travelled through along the ancient Silk Road, through Central Asia to China, where he had spent many years at the court of the Mongol Emperor Kublai... More
The Known World in 1550
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The Known World in 1550
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The voyages of Christopher Columbus, who stumbled on the coast of America in 1492 when he was sailing westward to seek a passage to Asia on behalf of the Spanish court, stimulated the Portuguese to redouble their efforts to navigate around the Cape of Good Hope to Asia. In 1498... More