Land – The Map Archive

Showing 1–12 of 36 results

Across the Mississippi 1792–1827
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Across the Mississippi 1792–1827
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The territory across the Mississippi was largely unexplored and attracted frontiersmen who mapped and colonized much of the area. James Nolan, who left New Orleans in 1792 to horse trade with the Spanish and Indians in what is now Texas, was typical of these early pioneers. After the Louisiana Purchase... More
Antarctica 2000
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Antarctica 2000
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Early classical geographic theories believed that a vast continent existed in the extreme southerly latitudes and the term Antarctic was first used by the Ancient Greek geographer, Marinus of Tyre. The term Terra Australis appeared on world maps from the 15th century meaning “Southern Land”. European explorers rounded the tip... More
Asian Exploration c. 1430
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Asian Exploration c. 1430
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Pre-Columbus, the greatest feats of maritime navigation belonged to the Polynesians. Before the Portuguese had reached even the Canaries, Polynesian seafarers had traversed most of the Pacific. The northern seaboards of the Indian Ocean were the conduits of the world’s most lucrative trade routes, with their control fiercely contested by... More
Battle of Agincourt 25 October 1415
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Battle of Agincourt 25 October 1415
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The Battle of Agincourt is seen as one of England’s greatest military victories and a major conquest of the Hundred Years’ War. Henry V and his weakened, exhausted yet well-trained army of 6,000–9,000 men were on their way to Calais to return home, when they came across a French army... More
Canadians in the West 1818–30
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Canadians in the West 1818–30
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The Canadian exploration of the American West sprung from the corporate rivalry between the Hudson Bay Company and the North West Company, both seeking rich new sources to supply their lucrative fur trade. Donald Mackenzie and Finan McDonald were employed by the North West Company. From 1818–21, Mackenzie explored the... More
Christian Missions in Africa 1800–60
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Christian Missions in Africa 1800–60
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The early African missionaries were often redoubtable explorers. The Lutheran Johannes Rebmann was the first European to see Mt Kilimanjaro (1849), but his reports of its snow-capped summit on the equator were dismissed as malaria-induced hallucination. The founding father of the modern missionary movement was the Englishman, William Carey, with... More
Clovis Hunters and Other Ancient Sites c. 10,000–8,000 years ago
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Clovis Hunters and Other Ancient Sites c. 10,000–8,000 years ago
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Until recently the Clovis hunters, named for the distinctive fluted flint arrowhead they habitually employed (first discovered in Clovis, New Mexico), were believed to be the first human colonists of the Americas, arriving via the Beringian land bridge c. 15,000 years ago. New findings, apparently anachronous, call this hypothesis into... More
English Explorations 1497–1776
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English Explorations 1497–1776
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When the Venetian John Cabot, commissioned by Henry VII of England, discovered the coast of North America in 1497, it was the first European arrival in the North American continent since the Vikings. There would be no follow-up for over a century, when the Spanish moved north from the Gulf... More
Expeditions of Jedediah Smith 1826–30
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Expeditions of Jedediah Smith 1826–30
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Jedediah Smith became one of the ‘hundred enterprising young men’ who answered General William Ashley’s call to explore the American North West and compete with British interests in the fur trade. After various exploits, including a mauling by a grizzly bear in Wyoming, Ashley offered him a partnership in his... More
Exploration of Greenland 1888–1951
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Exploration of Greenland 1888–1951
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In the 19th century there was an obsession with exploration, which generated a competitive drive to be the first to map unexplored and dangerous terrain. This was perhaps the case with Norwegian explorer, Fridtjof Nansen, whose team, in 1888, used cross-country skis to be the first to cross Greenland’s icy... More
Exploration of Polar Regions 1893–1941
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Exploration of Polar Regions 1893–1941
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Fridtjof Nansen made the first (European) crossing of Greenland in 1888, in preparation for his attempt on the North Pole. Voyaging east along the northern coast of Siberia in 1893, Nansen aimed to use the natural drift of the sea ice to propel him towards the Pole, but his eventual... More
Explorers in Africa 1840–89
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Explorers in Africa 1840–89
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19th-century Europeans ventured into the African interior from a mixture of motives: trailblazers for colonization, Christian missionary work, scientific research, or – in Henry Morton Stanley’s search for Dr Livingstone – a journalist’s desire for the ultimate scoop. Alfred Grandidier was more altrusitic, exploring South America before falling in love... More