Expansion

Showing 61–72 of 136 results

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  Roman Expansion to 270 BCE

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  Roman Expansion to 270 BCE

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  Rome began as a small settlement in the 8th century BCE and, legend has it, its first king was Romulus, who killed his twin Remus, to seize power. Rome became a republic in 509 BCE, when its final king, the cruel Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, was overthrown by a popular uprising.... More
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  Roman Provinces of Gaul 180 CE

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  Roman Provinces of Gaul 180 CE

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  The Mediterranean coastline of modern France was incorporated into the Roman Empire in 121 BCE, and ‘civilized’ early; its inhabitants were termed bracata (‘trousered’), as opposed to the uncouth comate (‘long-hairs’) and presumably untrousered, northerners. Caesar completed the conquest of Gaul (58–51 BCE), and defined the crude tribal divisions that... More
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  Romanization of Gaul 58–51 BCE

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  Romanization of Gaul 58–51 BCE

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  Tacitus describes how his father-in-law, the Roman general Agricola, ‘assisted communities to build temples, fora, and homes by praising those who were forward and rebuking those who were inactive. Thus, competition for honour took the place of compulsion… And this was called civilization among those who did not know better,... More
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  Rome and Celtiberians 208–19 BCE

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  Rome and Celtiberians 208–19 BCE

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  The Celtiberians of central Iberia fought as mercenaries in the Punic Wars (264–146 BCE), supporting Carthage against the Roman incursion into Carthaginian Iberia. The Carthaginian hold on Iberia was broken after the Roman victory at IIipa in 206 BCE. The southern and eastern Iberian Peninsula became a Roman province and,... More
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  Russia and the Mongol Invasion 1223–42

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  Russia and the Mongol Invasion 1223–42

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  The Battle of the Kalka River (1223) should have served warning to Kievan Rus of the existential threat posed by the Mongols, but instead the competing principalities remained divided. In 1237, a much larger Mongol army, under the command of Batu Khan, returned to administer the coup de grâce. Batu... More
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  Russia Expansion into Asia to 1900

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  Russia Expansion into Asia to 1900

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  At the end of the Rurik Dynasty in 1598, a short period of civil unrest followed before the establishment of the Romanov Dynasty, which would last for over 300 years between 1613–1917. During this time Russia expanded massively, taking over much of northern Asia and moving into eastern Europe through... More
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  Russia Under Peter the Great, 1689–1725

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  Russia Under Peter the Great, 1689–1725

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  Peter the Great oversaw a period of modernization and military expansion throughout his reign, bringing Russia to a level of development that was comparable with the monarchies of western Europe. He recognized that Russia needed to expand its maritime presence and as such aimed to secure a warm-water port on... More
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  Russian and British Empires in Asia 1800–1900

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  Russian and British Empires in Asia 1800–1900

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  Throughout the 19th century, Britain and Russia were both expanding their empires into the rich trading territory of Asia. As both empires had conflicting interests in the region, an era of diplomatic confrontation arose between the two, which became known as ‘The Great Game’. In 1830, Britain began the formation... More
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  Russian Expansion in Europe 1800–09

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  Russian Expansion in Europe 1800–09

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  At the turn of the 19th century, Napoleon Bonaparte began a campaign of French imperial expansion across much of Europe. Russia’s stance towards Napoleon changed a number of times between 1800 and 1809 when the alliance between the two countries began to slip. After Alexander came to power in 1801,... More
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  Russian Expansion to 1795

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  Russian Expansion to 1795

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  From the end of Peter I’s reign to the end of Catherine II’s, Imperial Russia enjoyed a period of territorial expansion as it established itself as a major European power. Peter secured Dagestan from the Safavids in 1722, however it was returned in 1735, and Kabardia was declared a Russo-Ottoman... More
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  Southeast Asia 1200

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  Southeast Asia 1200

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  The Chinese Jin Dynasty had driven the Song Dynasty to the south of China. But, in 1161, they won two decisive naval battles using new-fangled paddle-wheel warships mounted with trebuchets. Thereafter, they remained secure until the arrival of the Mongols. To the south, Srivijaya was in decline, enervated by competition... More
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  Southeast Asia 1400

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  Southeast Asia 1400

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  Kublai Khan conquered, but did not occupy, Burma, preferring to leave it weak and fragmented. The Shan hilltribes exploited the resultant instability, raiding constantly before strong successor states emerged in the late 14th century: the Ava kingdom of Upper Burma and the Hanthawaddy kingdom in Pegu. The poetically named ‘Kingdom... More