Industry – The Map Archive

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1913: Russian Agriculture and Industry 1913
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1913: Russian Agriculture and Industry 1913
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Superficially, Russia’s economy made great strides in the decades before World War I. Under the enlightened stewardship of the finance minister, Sergei Witte (1892–1905), oil production tripled, railway mileage nearly doubled, and the empire became one of the world’s major producers of iron and steel. Simultaneously, at Witte’s urging, Prime... More
Agriculture, Raw Materials and Industry 1860
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Agriculture, Raw Materials and Industry 1860
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Prior to the Civil War, most of the industrial growth was confined to the northeast and midwest. The northeast dominated the manufacturing and industrial landscape, processing 85 per cent of the raw materials from the midwest and the West. The southern states remained primarily agricultural, although bituminous coal was mined... More
Blast Furnaces in England and Wales c. 1600
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Blast Furnaces in England and Wales c. 1600
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Proximity to London, the channel ports and the naval dockyards it furnished with armaments ensured the Weald’s position as epicentre of the British blast furnace industry into the 17th century. But other areas of the country matched the Weald for the availability of the necessary raw materials: ore, coal/wood, running... More
British Population c. 1911
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British Population c. 1911
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In 1911, Great Britain included the whole of Ireland and ‘the isles’, the self-governing islands of the Isle of Man, Jersey and Guernsey. The estimated population distribution in the 1911 census showed that the areas with the greatest density, with approximately 200 people per square mile, encompassed the coal-mining, industrial... More
Cleveland: Major Ethnic Groups by Ward c. 1930
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Cleveland: Major Ethnic Groups by Ward c. 1930
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In 1978, Cleveland became the first American city since the Depression to default on its debts: with a rapidly shrinking population it was the embodiment of Rust Belt decline. Half a century earlier, it had been the ‘melting pot of nationalities’, the fifth largest city in the Union with a... More
Cotton Mills and Textile Factory Strikes 1829–58
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Cotton Mills and Textile Factory Strikes 1829–58
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Lowell, the ‘City of Spindles’ was a purpose-built textile-manufacturing town harnessing the power of the nearby Pawtucket Falls. Founded in 1821, by 1860, 122,000 workers were processing nearly one million bales of cotton annually. Its modus operandi was the Waltham-Lowell System, pioneered by its founding father, with a workforce of... More
Dispersion of Soviet Industry 1941–42
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Dispersion of Soviet Industry 1941–42
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When Germany began its invasion of the Soviet Union with Operation Barbarossa in June 1941, the Soviet command was caught off guard by the speed of the German advance. Key industrial and agricultural regions around Russia’s two major cities, Moscow and Leningrad, and in the Ukraine came under imminent threat... More
Edgar Thomson Steel Works 1873
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Edgar Thomson Steel Works 1873
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Andrew Carnegie was the epitome of the American rags-to-riches dream. Arriving in America at 13, the son of a migrant Scottish handloom weaver, by his late 30s he had already amassed a fortune from oil and railroads, before deciding to move into the steel industry. His first plant was named... More
Industries 1901
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Industries 1901
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In 1901, Britain led the world in manufacturing and industry after great expansion and developments during the 19th century. There was an increase in international trade, export successes across the Empire and a new demand for consumer goods from the growing middle-classes. The coal, iron, steel and engineering industries created... More
Industry by 1920
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Industry by 1920
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Henry Ford was the archetypal American industrial mogul and inventor of mass production; at his Ford Motor Company (founded in 1903) ‘The chain never stops, the pace never varies. The man is part of the chain, the feeder and slave of it’. Between 1890 and 1920, America transformed from a... More
Industry c. 1800
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Industry c. 1800
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In 1800, British trade was still governed by mercantilist principles, expressed by Navigation Acts that reserved the shipping of British goods to British vessels, and imposed swingeing duties on foreign imports. The free trade advanced by Adam Smith in his Wealth of Nations (1776) would not prevail until the mid-19th... More
Industry in Britain 1715–1815
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Industry in Britain 1715–1815
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Coalbrookdale in Shropshire was the Industrial Revolution’s ‘Silicon Valley’, with Abraham Darby I, II and III, the tech titans of their day. The first Abraham pioneered the use of coal in iron-smelting, and the industrial use of Newcomen’s steam engine. The third Abraham constructed (from cast-iron) the revolutionary Iron Bridge.... More