Culture – Page 5 – The Map Archive

Showing 49–60 of 75 results

Shang China c. 1766–1046 BCE
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Shang China c. 1766–1046 BCE
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Founded by King Tang when he overthrew the tyrannical Xia King Jie at the Battle of Mingtiao, the Shang dynasty lasted for over 600 years and was ruled by 30 emperors. Tang introduced a period of stability and prosperity, setting a fine example of leadership for future rulers. The Shang... More
Standard Time Zones 1883
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Standard Time Zones 1883
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Greenwich Mean Time was introduced in 1675, in conjunction with the opening of the Royal Observatory, but it was introduced as a navigational aid for mariners, not to govern timekeeping practice, which remained highly localized. The development of railway travel accelerated the need for standardization; the accelerated pace of travel... More
Stone Circles and Henges c. 3500–1000 BCE
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Stone Circles and Henges c. 3500–1000 BCE
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Stone circles and henges first appeared on the British Isles c. 3500 BCE, during the Neolithic period. Over 900 still exist today. Henges (oval shaped, banked ditches) enclosed ritual structures, such as stone circles, or villages, seen in excavations of the henge at Durrington Walls. The largest Neolithic structure in... More
Temple Remains at Hierakonpolis mid-4th century BCE
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Temple Remains at Hierakonpolis mid-4th century BCE
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Hierakonpolis was the capital of predynastic and early dynastic Upper Egypt. Its temple, built as a shrine to local hawk god, Horus, dates to c. 3400 BCE. It was first excavated in 1898. A clay-covered pile of discarded sacred objects, ‘the main deposit’, yielded numerous artefacts including a golden hawk... More
The British Isles After the Ice Age c. 9000–6500 BCE
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The British Isles After the Ice Age c. 9000–6500 BCE
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Excavations from cave sites, such as Wookey Hole and Creswell Crags, show butchered deer bones and other signs of human activity, dating to c. 16,000 BP. This is thought to be a temporary reoccupation, after the human population deserted England and northeastern Ireland for warmer climates during the glacial period.... More
The Buildings of Palladio
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The Buildings of Palladio
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Andrea di Petro della Gondola was born in Padua in 1508. At age 16 he became an apprentice sculptor in Padua, where he specialized in monuments and was enrolled in the guild of the bricklayers and stonemasons. In 1530 he came to the attention of Count Gian Giorgio Trissino, who... More
The Celts in Europe from 800 BCE
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The Celts in Europe from 800 BCE
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The Celts, named Keltoi (barbarians) by the Greeks, were a cultural group that occupied much of Europe north of the Alps. The proto-Celtic Urnfield Culture was located in central Europe until the 8th century BCE, when the first recognizably Celtic Hallstatt culture began to disseminate from a heartland in southern... More
The City of Rome c. 14 CE
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The City of Rome c. 14 CE
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In his memoir, the Roman Emperor Augustus claimed ‘I found a city made of sun-dried brick, I left her clothed in marble’. Above all, Augustus brought the gift of peace, after the protracted civil war that saw his emergence. In his long reign (31 BCE–14 CE) he went on to... More
The English Hold on Ireland c. 1400
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The English Hold on Ireland c. 1400
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Anglo-Norman power in Ireland was consolidated by the Great Charter (1217), derived from Magna Carta, and reached its zenith in the elective Parliament of 1297. Formed originally of the Norman nobility, knights and clergy, town burghers were added in 1299. Thereafter Scots invasion, famines, and the ravages of the Black... More
The Evidence of Pottery from 2550 BCE
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The Evidence of Pottery from 2550 BCE
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The Indus valley civilization was at its peak from c. 2550 BCE. Urbanized and sophisticated, the culture’s signature pottery had black designs on a red (from ferric oxide) base, but also produced ware in a range of different colours. The Indus valley settlements began to decline from around 1800 BCE,... More
The Gough Map c. 1360
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The Gough Map c. 1360
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Drawn on sheepskin, the Gough Map was donated to the Bodleian library in 1809 by the antiquarian, Richard Gough. It dates to the late 14th century (it depicts a wall around Coventry which was not constructed until 1355), and departs from the conventions of contemporary maps produced by clergy, typically... More
The Growth of Universities 12th–15th centuries
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The Growth of Universities 12th–15th centuries
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The precursor to the development of universities in Europe was the reform programme of Pope Gregory VII (1073–85), whose centralization of papal power and expansion of canon law led to a drive for the professionalization of the clergy. His 1079 papal decree regulated the formation of cathedral schools, some of... More