In the aftermath of World War I, Palestine had been placed under British Mandate, and the British sought to defuse the Arab uprising (1936–39) by repeated plans for the partition of Palestine, and... Read More
At the time of the birth of Jesus Judaea and Galilee were separate political entities. In 37 BCE the Roman client king, Herod the Great (74/73–4 BCE), was proclaimed by the Romans to be the ‘King... Read More
Industrialization and Famine In 1931 Joseph Stalin, determined that Russia would not continue as a ‘backwards’ agrarian country, had already implemented his first Five Year Plan (approved 1928).... Read More
When the Tatars (or Mongols) spread westwards across the Russian steppes in the 13th century, they were able to exploit the divided the nine principalities of Rus, who failed to mount a united... Read More
Kievan Rus was a loose federation of Slavic lands that had coalesced from the 9th century. This collection of city-states was held together by the family bonds of the ruling princes, the Ruikovichi,... Read More
The British East India Company began trading with the Indian subcontinent in the 1600s and, by the beginning of the 18th century, had established trading bases at coastal points, including Calcutta,... Read More
The street pattern of Medieval London owed much to the network of streets laid out within the old Roman walls during Saxon and Norman times. Many Medieval street and area names, which have survived... Read More
On 22 August 1945 the Japanese across French Indochina announced an informal surrender. They assisted the Viet Minh nationalist group in taking over the administration and handed over their weapons... Read More
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The death of the childless King Edward the Confessor in January 1066 began a complicated dispute over the succession to the English throne. Harold Godwinson, a powerful Anglo-Saxon... Read More